Atmospheric carbon dioxide measurements in the remote global troposphere,
                        1981-1984

Conway, T. J.; Tans, Pieter P.; Waterman, Lee S.; Thoning, K. W.; Masarie, K. A.; Gammon, Richard H.

doi:10.3402/tellusb.v40i2.15631

Cited by 111 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A number of studies have reported that atmospheric CO2 exhibits a small or negative growth rate during the early stage of ENSO events, while it displays a large growth rate over the later stage (Wong et al, 1984;Gammon et al, 1985;Keeling and Rev die, 1985;Conway et al, 1988;Gaudry et al, 1991). Comparing this previous relationship between atmospheric CO2 and ENSO events with the present results reveals that a reverse relationship to ENSO events exists.…”

Section: Relationship Between Variations In Oceanic Co2supporting

confidence: 57%

“…Due to such a dominant signal in the global climate system, the influence of ENSO events has also appeared in temporal variations of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, as reported in many studies (Bacastow, 1976;Bacastow et al, 1980;Wong et al, 1984;Gammon et al, 1985;Keeling and Revelle, 1985;Komhyr et al, 1985;Conway et al, 1988;Elliott et al, 1991;Gaudry et al, 1991). One of the main results from these studies is that atmospheric CO2 concentrations show a weak or negative growth rate during (c) 1996, Meteorological Society of Japan the early stage of ENSO events, while they exhibit a strong growth rate in the later stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…A number of previous studies have successfully related the variations in atmospheric and oceanic CO2 to ENSO events (along et al, 1984;Gammon et al, 1985;Keeling and Revelle, 1985;Feely et al, 1987;Fushimi, 1987;Conway et al, 1988;Gaudry et al, 1991, Inoue andSugimura, 1992;Wong et al, 1993). Therefore, in this section, the relationships between variations in the atmospheric and oceanic CO2 and the 1991/92 ENSO event are discussed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These facts imply that atmospheric CO2 varied interannually in a same manner over both the winter and summer season. Sharp downward trends found in latitudes north of 300N in 1990 and 1992 probably result from the time lag in the July observations (refer to Section 2.1), when atmospheric CO2 usually exhibits a large seasonal decrease in the Northern Hemisphere (Conway et al, 1988). Extremely large values of atmospheric CO2 in the northernmost region of the observational area in 1990 appear to be due to anthropogenic CO2 sources over land.…”

Section: Dpco2 and Co2 Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal and Spatial Variations in Atmospheric and Oceanic CO<sub>2</sub> in the Western North Pacific from 1990 to 1993

Murata

Fushimi²

1996

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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The results of atmospheric and oceanic CO2 observations conducted by the Japan Meteorological Agency in the western North Pacific are presented for the period 1990-1993, covering an El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event (onset: spring, 1991; withdrawal: summer, 1992). The atmospheric CO2 concentration over the region south of 300N increased drastically between 1990 and 1991 during the winter (4.0ppmv) and summer (4.5ppmv), although the values are not seasonally adjusted. Over the other two years of observations, the growth rates were smaller or at times negative. Oceanic CO2, which is expressed in units of the mole fraction (ppmv) in dry air equilibrated with seawater, showed a significant increase, especially in low latitudes during both seasons of the years 1991-1993, compared to the 1990 values.Oceanic CO2, normalized at a constant temperature, also revealed a significant increase, with larger and smaller magnitudes for winter and summer, respectively. This implies that the increased summer oceanic CO2 results mostly from changes in surface seawater temperature, while for that in winter, other factors, unknown at present, are more related to the increased oceanic CO2.Calculated values of opCO2 and CO2 flux at the air-sea interface reveal that in winter, the region north of 100N acts as a sink of CO2, with a maximum net flux of --10.0mmolm-2d-1.The region south of 100N, however, at times becomes a weak source of CO2, with a maximum net flux of 2.4mmolm-2d-1. In summer, the western North Pacific becomes a weak source or is almost in equilibrium with atmospheric CO2.The increase in winter oceanic CO2 or 4pCO2, as related to the 1991/92 ENSO event, is not as distinct as in the 1982/83 ENSO event, although lower temperatures and higher salinity in the surface seawater were commonly found during both the events.The response of the CO2 flux in the tropical western North Pacific to the 1991/92 ENSO event was rather small compared to the magnitude of the rate changes obtained in previous results for the central or eastern tropical Pacific.

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Section: Relationship Between Variations In Oceanic Co2supporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dpco2 and Co2 Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal and Spatial Variations in Atmospheric and Oceanic CO<sub>2</sub> in the Western North Pacific from 1990 to 1993

Murata

Fushimi²

1996

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…Moreover, models of future global change are in general agreement predicting levels reaching 600-800 μmol mol -1 by the end of next century from present levels ranging from 340 to 360 μmol mol -1 [12]. CO 2 -enriched atmospheres have been shown to increase photosynthetic carbon gain, the growth of plants and concentrations of total non-structural carbohydrates, although there is evidence of species-specific responses (see reviews [1,2,7,16,42] [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Responses to elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration and nitrogen supply of Quercus ilex L. seedlings from a coppice stand growing at a natural CO₂ spring

Tognetti

Johnson

1999

Ann. For. Sci.

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Two Curve Fitting Methods Applied to Co2 Flask Data

et al. 1997

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Digital ®ltering and harmonic regression curve ®tting techniques are applied to CO 2¯a sk data from four stations in North America (Pt. Barrow, Alert, Sable Island and Cape St. James) to evaluate these two dierent methodologies in terms of growth rate and seasonal cycle in the atmospheric CO 2 concentration. Both methods agree relatively well in producing long-term atmospheric CO 2 trend at each of the monitoring stations, as well as in capturing relatively large interannual variations in the annual growth rate. Furthermore, they both agree in indicating the dependency of the variation in the seasonal amplitude on the seasonal minimum concentration. The digital ®ltering technique is able to capture the local temporal variation in CO 2 measurements much better than the harmonic regression method, although in some cases this variability is exaggerated in the digital ®ltering approach. The harmonic regression approach tends to smooth out the data, with much of the power in the very long period oscillations. Also, the timing of the occurrence of the seasonal minimum calculated by the digital ®ltering method tends to be earlier than that calculated by the harmonic regression method, although both methods do not indicate any major secular change in the timing. The overall assessment of the two methods applied to the CO 2¯a sk data underscores the importance of using more than one curve ®tting method before any conclusions can be drawn from thē ask data about the interannual variability in the trend and seasonal cycle of the atmospheric CO 2 concentration. #

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Atmospheric carbon dioxide measurements in the remote global troposphere, 1981-1984

Cited by 111 publications

References 32 publications

Temporal and Spatial Variations in Atmospheric and Oceanic CO<sub>2</sub> in the Western North Pacific from 1990 to 1993

Temporal and Spatial Variations in Atmospheric and Oceanic CO<sub>2</sub> in the Western North Pacific from 1990 to 1993

Responses to elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration and nitrogen supply of Quercus ilex L. seedlings from a coppice stand growing at a natural CO₂ spring

Two Curve Fitting Methods Applied to Co2 Flask Data

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Atmospheric carbon dioxide measurements in the remote global troposphere, 1981-1984

Cited by 111 publications

References 32 publications

Temporal and Spatial Variations in Atmospheric and Oceanic CO<sub>2</sub> in the Western North Pacific from 1990 to 1993

Temporal and Spatial Variations in Atmospheric and Oceanic CO<sub>2</sub> in the Western North Pacific from 1990 to 1993

Responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and nitrogen supply of Quercus ilex L. seedlings from a coppice stand growing at a natural CO2 spring

Two Curve Fitting Methods Applied to Co2 Flask Data

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Responses to elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration and nitrogen supply of Quercus ilex L. seedlings from a coppice stand growing at a natural CO₂ spring