Atmospheric bulk deposition of dioxin and furans to Danish background areas

Hovmand, M. F.; Vikelsøe, Jørgen; Andersen, Henning

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.10.036

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The comparison with atmospheric bulk deposition measurements from other areas world-wide highlights the high variability of the PCDD/F atmospheric deposition fluxes in the study area (Table 2). Thus, the lower range of PCDD/F estimated fluxes (wet þ dry) in northern Italy (0.02 ng m À2 d À1 ) is comparable with the bulk deposition of PCDD/ Fs measured in various north European background sites in the last decade (Hovmand et al, 2007;McLachlan and Sellström, 2009;Bergknut et al, 2011). However, the higher end estimation of 3 ng m À2 d À1 better compares with reported bulk deposition measurements in urban areas (Halsall et al, 1997;Ogura et al, 2001).…”

Section: Total Atmospheric Inputssupporting

confidence: 76%

Monitoring atmospheric levels and deposition of dioxin-like pollutants in sub-alpine Northern Italy

Castro-Jiménez¹,

Eisenreich²,

Mariani³

et al. 2012

Atmospheric Environment

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The objective of this work was to assess the atmospheric occurrence, seasonal variations and deposition of dioxin-like pollutants (17 PCDD/Fs þ 12 DL-PCBs) in sub-alpine northern Italy. A total of 108 weekly integrated samples (aerosol þ gas phases) were collected during a 1-year period (2005e2006) at the Ispra EMEP site (Northern Italy, 45 49 0 N, 8 38 0 E). Atmospheric loadings into Lake Maggiore were also estimated by implementing a deposition model. P 2,3,7,8-PCDD/F atmospheric total concentrations were dominated by the aerosol-bound fraction which ranged from 50 to 3080 (1e215 WHO 98 TEQ) fg m À3. In contrast DL-PCB levels were dominated by the gas phase concentrations and varied from 1800 to 14800 (1e5 WHO 98 TEQ) fg m À3. The aerosol and gas phase concentrations of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs exhibited a similar seasonality (higher values in winter time for aerosol-bound contaminants and lower concentrations for gas phase contaminants) in spite of their different environmental sources and properties. Estimated total atmospheric (dry þ wet) depositional fluxes of dioxin-like pollutants in sub-alpine northern Italy were w0.2ew9.5 ng m À2 d À1 , with wet deposition dominating. Total atmospheric inputs (2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs þ DL-PCBs) into Lake Maggiore ranged from 14 to 304 g y À1. Higher environmental concentrations of dioxin-like pollutants in sub-alpine northern Italy are expected in the cold season and in rainy days due to a combined effect of stagnant atmospheric conditions (low winds), household wood burning in the region and higher pollutant loads via rainfall in winter.

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Section: Total Atmospheric Inputssupporting

confidence: 76%

Monitoring atmospheric levels and deposition of dioxin-like pollutants in sub-alpine Northern Italy

Castro-Jiménez¹,

Eisenreich²,

Mariani³

et al. 2012

Atmospheric Environment

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“…4 and Table 2, Supporting Information). Previous studies focused on 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs have shown that their patterns in bulk air (sum of particulate and gaseous fractions) closely resemble those of wet and dry deposition, and that the OCDD clearly dominate in air from the Swedish west coast and rural air from Denmark (Palm Cousins et al 2006;Hovmand et al 2007). Comparisons of the average atmospheric wet and dry deposition homologue profile (see Fig.…”

Section: Homologue Profilesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Levels and homologue profiles of PCDD/Fs in sediments along the Swedish coast of the Baltic Sea

Sundqvist

Tysklind

Cato

et al. 2009

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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In order to identify other hotspot areas and trace sources, comprehensive analysis of PCDD/Fs in surface sediments is needed in all areas of the Baltic Sea that have not been previously investigated. The high levels of PCDD/Fs observed in surface sediments also indicate a need to elucidate whether they are due mainly to current emissions or a combination of recent pollution and re-distribution of historically deposited pollutants. To do so, better understanding of sediment dynamics and present-day inputs, such as riverine inputs, industrial effluents, and leakage from contaminated soil is required. There are indications that contaminated sediments have a regional impact on fish contamination levels. However, as yet there is no statistically robust evidence linking contaminated sediments with elevated levels in Baltic biota. It should also be noted that the Baltic Sea is being massively invaded by the deep-burrowing polychaete Marenzielleria ssp., whose presence in sediments has been shown to increase water concentrations of hydrophobic pollutants. In awareness of this, it is clear that high levels in sediments cannot be ignored in risk assessments. In order to investigate the emission trends more thoroughly, analysis of PCDD/Fs in offshore sediment cores throughout the Baltic Sea is also recommended.

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“…Several studies have been performed to monitor POP and particularly OCP concentrations in the air in different regions of the world (Hung et al, 2013), but very few campaigns tried to quantify the deposition rates of POPs, mostly of PCDD/Fs (Hovmand et al, 2007;Castro-Jimenez et al, 2012) particularly on mountains (Carrera et al, 2002). Thus, the present study aims to provide a data base related to the presence of OCPs in bulk deposition at high elevation Alpine observatories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Atmospheric bulk deposition measurements of organochlorine pesticides at three alpine summits

Jakobi

Kirchner

Henkelmann

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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Atmospheric bulk deposition of dioxin and furans to Danish background areas

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

Monitoring atmospheric levels and deposition of dioxin-like pollutants in sub-alpine Northern Italy

Monitoring atmospheric levels and deposition of dioxin-like pollutants in sub-alpine Northern Italy

Levels and homologue profiles of PCDD/Fs in sediments along the Swedish coast of the Baltic Sea

Atmospheric bulk deposition measurements of organochlorine pesticides at three alpine summits

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