Atmospheric bulk deposition measurements of organochlorine pesticides at three alpine summits

Jakobi, Gert; Kirchner, M.; Henkelmann, Bernhard; Körner, Wolfgang; Offenthaler, Ivo; Moche, Wolfgang; Weiß, Peter; Schaub, Marcus; Schramm, Karl‐Werner

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.060

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The observed extremely high value at SON (212 pg m -3 ) may have been caused by past local wood preservation measures. A chemical analysis of wood samples from the Alpine hut, Zittelhaus, could confirm this hypothesis (Jakobi et al, 2015). Hence, the γ-HCH values measured at SON do not reflect the Alpine background situation.…”

Section: Mean Concentrations and Seasonality Comparison To Worldwidesupporting

confidence: 52%

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Ambient Air Levels of Organochlorine Pesticides at Three High Alpine Monitoring Stations: Trends and Dependencies on Geographical Origin

Kirchner

Jakobi

Körner

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Many persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), which are emitted into air, occur ubiquitously in different environmental compartments worldwide. OCPs are measurable in conspicuous concentrations in the air not only near emission regions but also in background areas, as in the Alps. In the present study, we analyzed OCPs in air samples between 2005 and 2013 at three high Alpine stations (Weißfluhjoch, Switzerland: 2663 m a.s.l.; Sonnblick, Austria: 3106 m a.s.l.; and Schneefernerhaus, Germany: 2650 m a.s.l.). The air concentrations of OCPs at these stations were lower than those in source regions but higher than those in the Arctic region. Concentration differences between sites were found to be relatively small. To distinguish the influences from different European source regions, four filters of lowvolume active air samplers were operated alternately according to a trajectory prediction method. Air masses from the northeast (i.e., Bavaria and Eastern Central Europe) and the south (i.e., Mediterranean countries) were characterized by higher concentrations of OCPs (e.g., pentachlorobenzene and hexachlorobenzene) compared with those arriving from the Atlantic Ocean. Additionally, we evaluated the temporal trend of the single compounds; only a few compounds such as endosulfan exhibited a clear decreasing trend.

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Section: Mean Concentrations and Seasonality Comparison To Worldwidesupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Annual mean precipitation amounts (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) are 2,003, 2,671, and 1,397 mm at UFS, SON, and WEI, respectively. Kirchner et al (2012) and Jakobi et al (2015) have provided a detailed description of the meteorological conditions at these stations.…”

Section: Sampling Sites and Meteorological Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Air Levels of Organochlorine Pesticides at Three High Alpine Monitoring Stations: Trends and Dependencies on Geographical Origin

Kirchner

Jakobi

Körner

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…The use of DDT in agriculture was forbidden in Italy from 1986 and use of PCB in an industrial setting from 1988; therefore, the observed DDT and PCB contamination may also be in agreement with the age of sediments. the applied DDT-containing pesticides, variable ratios of o,p'-DDT to p,p'-DDT can be expected in the sediments as well as in the other environmental compartments (Jakobi et al 2015). This ratio is often determined to explain the kind of DDT used and, for example, to differentiate between technical DDT and the acaricide dicofol (containing concentrations of o,p′-DDT up to 77% as technical impurities; Jakobi et al 2015, Guzzella et al 2016.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the applied DDT-containing pesticides, variable ratios of o,p'-DDT to p,p'-DDT can be expected in the sediments as well as in the other environmental compartments (Jakobi et al 2015). This ratio is often determined to explain the kind of DDT used and, for example, to differentiate between technical DDT and the acaricide dicofol (containing concentrations of o,p′-DDT up to 77% as technical impurities; Jakobi et al 2015, Guzzella et al 2016. A ratio >14 can be representative of the use of dicofol, whereas lower ratios indicate the presence of technical DDT (Wang et al 2010, Ricking andSchwarzbauer 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent organic pollutants in sediments of high-altitude Alpine ponds within Stelvio National Park, Italian Alps

et al. 2017

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The concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were investigated in sediments collected in 25 high-altitude Alpine ponds within Stelvio National Park, Italy. The total PAH concentrations in the lake sediments ranged from 27.8 to 5644 ng/g dry weight (dw), with the ratio between low and high molecular weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs/HMW-PAHs) indicating inputs from both pyrogenic and petrogenic sources (mostly fossil fuel combustion). Limited concentrations of PBDEs (less than the limit of detection [LOD] to 9.9 ng/g dw), PCBs (

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“…During applications, a significant fraction of applied pesticides, about 15 to 40%, is dispersed in the atmosphere by volatilization or spray drift processes 3 4 . Pesticides travel in the atmosphere with long range atmospheric transport and deposition from their emission area 5 6 . The fate of pesticides is influenced by their partition between the gas phase and particulate phase.…”

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confidence: 99%

The persistence of pesticides in atmospheric particulate phase: An emerging air quality issue

Socorro¹,

Durand²,

Temime-Roussel³

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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The persistent organic pollutants (POPs) due to their physicochemical properties can be widely spread all over the globe; as such they represent a serious threat to both humans and wildlife. According to Stockholm convention out of 24 officially recognized POPs, 16 are pesticides. The atmospheric life times of pesticides, up to now were estimated based on their gas-phase reactivity. It has been only speculated that sorption to aerosol particles may increase significantly the half‐lives of pesticides in the atmosphere. The results presented here challenge the current view of the half-lives of pesticides in the lower boundary layer of the atmosphere and their impact on air quality and human health. We demonstrate that semivolatile pesticides which are mostly adsorbed on atmospheric aerosol particles are very persistent with respect to the highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (OH) that is the self-cleaning agent of the atmosphere. The half-lives in particulate phase of difenoconazole, tetraconazole, fipronil, oxadiazon, deltamethrin, cyprodinil, permethrin, and pendimethalin are in order of several days and even higher than one month, implying that these pesticides can be transported over long distances, reaching the remote regions all over the world; hence these pesticides shall be further evaluated prior to be confirmed as POPs.

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Atmospheric bulk deposition measurements of organochlorine pesticides at three alpine summits

Cited by 20 publications

References 52 publications

Ambient Air Levels of Organochlorine Pesticides at Three High Alpine Monitoring Stations: Trends and Dependencies on Geographical Origin

Ambient Air Levels of Organochlorine Pesticides at Three High Alpine Monitoring Stations: Trends and Dependencies on Geographical Origin

Persistent organic pollutants in sediments of high-altitude Alpine ponds within Stelvio National Park, Italian Alps

The persistence of pesticides in atmospheric particulate phase: An emerging air quality issue

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