Atletic Performance, Genetics and Gene Doping

Ulucan, Korkut; Topal, Ece Sena; Aksulu, Batu Kaan; Yaman, Bugra; Ciftci, İsmail Can; Bıyıklı, Türker

doi:10.5222/iksst.2015.058

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Recent studies have indicated that several genes are involved in determining the performance of the players, both physiologically and psychologically. 25 Genetic models could be developed and used to find the optimal genetic endowment of a player to help scientists establish which genetic polymorphisms are advantageous for proper performance in different sports types. Therefore, the creation of genomic databases will be very useful for sport scientists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Angiotensin-1 Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion and α-Actinin-3 Codon 577 Polymorphisms in Turkish Male Soccer Players

2015

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Angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (ACE) gene and α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) gene polymorphisms are considered to be the most important candidate genes for genetic predisposition to human athletic performance. In the present study, we aimed to analyze the distribution of ACE and ACTN3 polymorphisms for the first time in male Turkish soccer players. In this prospective study, our cohort consisted of 25 professional players, all with Turkish ancestry. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction length polymorphism was used for the characterization of the genotype of ACTN3 and single PCR for ACE. For ACE genotype, 16%, 44%, and 40% of the players had insertion/insertion (II), insertion/deletion (ID), and deletion/deletion (DD) genotypes, respectively, whereas 20% had XX, 36% had RX, and 44% had RR genotypes for ACTN3. When we examined the allelic percentages, for ACE, D allele was recorded as 62 and I as 38, and for ACTN3, R allele was 62 and X was 38. Our results were in agreement with the previous reports, indicating the presence of ACTN3 D and ACE X allele in soccer players. We suggest that ACE and ACTN3 genotypes are important biomarkers for genetic counseling for the individuals who are prone to be successful soccer players.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Angiotensin-1 Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion and α-Actinin-3 Codon 577 Polymorphisms in Turkish Male Soccer Players

2015

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“…Bu gibi teknolojiler geliştirildikçe biyolojik olarak uyumlu nanoaygıtların vücutta farklı işlevlerde kullanılabileceği tahmin edilmektedir. 64,66 Bilim kurgu filmlerinden aşina olduğumuz, insan-makine arası hibrid türler ise belki de günümüzde mevcut olan mekanik protezlerin daha da geliştirilmesi ile çok uzak olmayan bir gelecekte yaşamlarımızda yerini alacaktır. Ampute sporcularda kullanılan bu şekildeki mekanik protezler ile sporcular normalden daha iyi bir performans göstererek daha iyi koşabilmekte veya daha iyi zıplayabilmektedir.…”

Section: Dopi̇ngle Mücadeleni̇n Tari̇hi̇unclassified

Human Enhancement in Sports: The History of Doping and Anti-Doping

Ertin¹,

Bardakçi²

2020

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics

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ÖZET İnsan beden veya zihni üzerinde, tedavinin ötesinde performansı daha da artırmaya yönelik müdahaleleri, "insanı geliştirme" olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Doping, en sık başvurulan insanı geliştirme biçimlerinden biridir ve geçmişi antikiteye dek uzanmaktadır. Özellikle 19. yüzyılda modern tıp ve farmakolojinin gelişimini müteakiben sporcular arasında giderek yayılmış, kimi zaman devlet talimatıyla kimi zaman ise bireysel tercihler doğrultusunda varlığını sürdürmüştür. Kaydedilen doping nedenli ciddi sağlık sorunları ve hatta ölümler dahi sporcular üzerinde nadiren caydırıcı bir etki yapabilmiştir. İlgili belirleyici kuruluşların (Uluslararası Olimpiyat Komitesi, Dünya Anti-Doping Ajansı) dopingi yasaklama ve doping yaptığı saptanan sporcuları olimpiyatlardan menetme gibi yaptırımları da yeterince vazgeçirici olamamış, fakat kişileri, kontrollerde saptanamayacak kimyasallar bulmaya sevk etmiştir. Teknoloji ve farmakolojinin insan bedeni üzerinde bu derece yoğun kullanımı, günümüzde ilgili tartışmalarda doping ve dopingle mücadele tarihinde vurgulanan "doğal" ve "doğal olmayan" ayrımına ilaveten, "kimin ya da neyin insan olduğu" gibi temel bir soruyu daha gündeme getirmiştir. Görünen o ki çeşitli insanı geliştirme teknik ve teknolojilerinin yaygınlaşması, sporda ve dolayısıyla doping tarihinde yeni bir dönemin başlangıcına işaret etmektedir. Anah tar Ke li me ler: Spor; insanı geliştirme; doping; dopingle mücadele; tarih ABS TRACT Interventions that go beyond treatment by providing improvement in the physical and mental human performance are commonly referred to as "human enhancement." Doping is one of the most frequently applied forms of human enhancement, its history dating back to antiquity. Particularly after the development of modern medicine and pharmacology in the 19 th century, it became gradually widespread among athletes and has since been maintained occasionally by state mandate or by individual choice. The serious health problems and even deaths observed due to doping could hardly have a deterrent effect on its application. Neither could the leading entities' (International Olympic Committee; World Anti-Doping Agency) sanctions prohibiting doping and disqualifying athletes found doping-positive from participating in the olympics be sufficiently restraining, but instead leading to a search for chemicals undetectable during examinations. Besides the distinction highlighted between the "natural" and "unnatural" in the history of doping and anti-doping, such intense use of technology and pharmacology in the human body has recently brought up in the relevant discussion another basic question as to "who or what is a human." It appears that the proliferation of various human enhancement techniques and technologies has marked a new period in the history of sport and thus that of doping

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“…Sports events and competition success play an important role locally and internationally in today's societies. Regardless of their capacities and motivation for sport, very high success has been expected from the athletes, which led to the development of training science (1). The athletes' psychological disposition is a factor researchers increasingly consider key to sports performance (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Psychological Skill Training Program and Positive Feedback on Handball Player’s Self-Efficacy Beliefs and their Shot Accuracy

Metan

Küçük²

2022

Ann Appl Sport Sci

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Background. Recent research has revealed the importance of psychological skills training and various physiological exercises to improve sporting performance. In light of all these facts, knowing that psychological skills training is necessary to improve sporting performance, and knowing the importance of the psychological performance program to develop these skills and ensure the control and stability of emotions, particularly in adolescence, led to the emergence of this study. Objectives. This study aimed to understand the effect of 10-week psychological skills training and positive feedback on handball players' self-efficacy beliefs and shot accuracy. Methods. Thirty-eight female handball players aged between 15 and 19 were included in two study groups and one control group. Whereas the first study group received psychological skill training, the second group received planned positive feedback and psychological skills training. The data were collected through a personal information form, a self-efficacy scale (fivepoint Likert-type scale), and a shot accuracy measurement scale. Then the pretest-posttest controlled group patterned model was used to determine the differences between the groups. GraphPad Prism 8 was used for statistical analysis with the conventional method. Results. 10-week psychological skills training increased the self-efficacy performance of young handball players in both study groups compared to their pretest results (P<0.01), and the increase was significant in study group 2 compared to the control group (P<0.01). The results also showed that the psychological skills training increased the performance of the shot accuracy of the handball players in both study groups compared to their pretest results. Still, the increase was significant in the study group receiving positive feedback (P<0.001). Moreover, the increase in the shot accuracy test performance of the positive feedback-receiving group was higher than the control and non-receiving group (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). Conclusion. In conclusion, this study determined that the psychological skills training program increased the handball players' self-efficacy and shot accuracy. Positive feedback strengthened the effect of the training even more on the self-efficacy beliefs and shot accuracy performance of the young athletes.

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Atletic Performance, Genetics and Gene Doping

Abstract: Derleme ÖZET Genom bilimi ve gen regülasyonu teknolojilerindeki geliş

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Distribution of Angiotensin-1 Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion and α-Actinin-3 Codon 577 Polymorphisms in Turkish Male Soccer Players

Distribution of Angiotensin-1 Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion and α-Actinin-3 Codon 577 Polymorphisms in Turkish Male Soccer Players

Human Enhancement in Sports: The History of Doping and Anti-Doping

The Effect of Psychological Skill Training Program and Positive Feedback on Handball Player’s Self-Efficacy Beliefs and their Shot Accuracy

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