Atlas of United States trees. volume 5, Florida

Little, Elbert L.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.65462

Cited by 141 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…In this study we used only the data for trees so that it would be comparable to the data for North America. The latter dataset maps the distribution of 679 North American trees, digitized from the maps of Critchfield and Little (42) and Little (43)(44)(45)(46), which was widely accepted and used in previous studies about geographical patterns in tree species richness (3,10,13,15). All of the distribution maps were compiled with equal area projection (Albers cubic equal area projection) in ArcGIS 9.2 (ESRI, Inc.).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature dependence, spatial scale, and tree species diversity in eastern Asia and North America

Wang

Brown

Tang

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

197

218

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The increase of biodiversity from poles to equator is one of the most pervasive features of nature. For 2 centuries since von Humboldt, Wallace, and Darwin, biogeographers and ecologists have investigated the environmental and historical factors that determine the latitudinal gradient of species diversity, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The recently proposed metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) aims to explain ecological patterns and processes, including geographical patterns of species richness, in terms of the effects of temperature and body size on the metabolism of organisms. Here we use 2 comparable databases of tree distributions in eastern Asia and North America to investigate the roles of environmental temperature and spatial scale in shaping geographical patterns of species diversity. We find that number of species increases exponentially with environmental temperature as predicted by the MTE, and so does the rate of spatial turnover in species composition (slope of the species-area relationship). The magnitude of temperature dependence of species richness increases with spatial scale. Moreover, the relationship between species richness and temperature is much steeper in eastern Asia than in North America: in cold climates at high latitudes there are more tree species in North America, but the reverse is true in warmer climates at lower latitudes. These patterns provide evidence that the kinetics of ecological and evolutionary processes play a major role in the latitudinal pattern of biodiversity.biodiversity ͉ metabolic theory of ecology ͉ species richness ͉ kinetic energy ͉ species-area relationship

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature dependence, spatial scale, and tree species diversity in eastern Asia and North America

Wang

Brown

Tang

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

197

218

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“…A simulation is begun by establishing a discrete species front in the southern 20km of the matrix; the remainder of the matrix was unoccupied by the migrating species. A discrete range edge is modeled to mimic the distribution terminus of species typically limited by winter minimum temperatures or growing degree days (Little Jr, 1971;Woodward, 1987).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling effects of habitat fragmentation on the ability of trees to respond to climatic warming

Schwartz

1993

Biodivers Conserv

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The ability of trees to migrate in response to climatic warming was simulated under various conditions of habitat availability. The model uses Holocene tree migration rates to approximate maximum migration rates in a forested landscape. Habitat availability and local population size was varied systematically under two dispersal and colonization models. These dispersal models varied in the likelihood of long-distance dispersal events. The first model used a negative exponential function that severely limited the probability of long-distance dispersal. The results of this model indicate that migration rate could decline an order of magnitude where the habitat availability is reduced from 80 to 20% of the matrix. The second model, using an inverse power function, carried a higher probability of long-distance dispersal events. The results from this model predict relatively small declines in migration rates when habitat availability is reduced to 50% of the simulation matrix. Below 50% habitat availability, mean migration rate was similar to the negative exponential model. These results predict a failure of many trees to respond to future climatic change through range expansion.

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“…Common tree species found at the northern border of the ecotone, or "northern" species (terminology adopted from Woodall et al 2009 (Little 1971;Bergeron et al 1997). Fire regimes exist in this forest, with intense Wres occurring at 70-year cycles (the last one to occur at Wolf Lake was in 1978; Iles 1990) and are important for the regeneration of red pine and black spruce in this forest (Clark 1989).…”

Section: Study Site and Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Northward migrating trees establish in treefall gaps at the northern limit of the temperate–boreal ecotone, Ontario, Canada

2010

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Climate change is expected to promote migration of species. In ecotones, areas of ecological tension, disturbances may provide opportunities for some migrating species to establish in otherwise competitive environments. The size of and time since disturbance may determine the establishment ability of these species. We investigated gap dynamics of an old-growth red pine (Pinus resinosa Sol. ex Aiton) forest in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence forest in northern Ontario, Canada, a transition zone between temperate and boreal forest. We investigated the effects of gaps of different sizes and ages on tree species abundance and basal area. Our results show that tree species from the temperate forest further south, such as red maple (Acer rubrum L.), red oak (Quercus rubra L.), and white pine (Pinus strobus L.), establish more often in large, old gaps; however, tree species that have more northern distributions, such as black spruce (Picea mariana Mill.), paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), and red pine show no difference in establishment ability with gap size or age. These differences in composition could not be attributed to autogenic succession. We conclude that treefall gaps in this forest facilitate the establishment of northward migrating species, potentially providing a pathway for future forest migration in response to recent changes in climate.

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Atlas of United States trees. volume 5, Florida

Cited by 141 publications

References 8 publications

Temperature dependence, spatial scale, and tree species diversity in eastern Asia and North America

Temperature dependence, spatial scale, and tree species diversity in eastern Asia and North America

Modelling effects of habitat fragmentation on the ability of trees to respond to climatic warming

Northward migrating trees establish in treefall gaps at the northern limit of the temperate–boreal ecotone, Ontario, Canada

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