Atlas of Nuclear Emulsion Micrographs from Personnel Dosimeters of Manned Space Missions,

Schaefer, H. J.; Sullivan, Jeremiah J.

doi:10.21236/ada025970

Cited by 3 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…This touchscreen battery revealed an unexpected finding: improved pattern separation in 56 Fe IRR vs. Sham mice. To assess whether this improvement was dependent on touchscreen testing or on 56 Fe IRR, we then assessed separate cohorts of 56 Fe IRR vs. Sham mice for pattern separation performance in a non-touchscreen task, contextual discrimination fear conditioning (CDFC), and also assessed the impact of 28 Si IRR vs. Sham on CDFC. Irrespective of whether tested on a touchscreen or non-touchscreen platform, or whether CDFC mice received to 56 Fe or 28 Si IRR, IRR mice had better pattern separation than Sham mice.…”

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confidence: 87%

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confidence: 99%

“…To address these major knowledge gaps, mature C57BL/6J male mice received either Sham irradiation (IRR) or whole body 56 Fe particle IRR and were assessed on a battery of touchscreen cognitive tasks to assess complex learning, cognitive flexibility, visuospatial learning, and stimulus-response habit learning 39,[41][42][43] . This touchscreen battery revealed an unexpected finding: improved pattern separation in 56 Fe IRR vs. Sham mice. To assess whether this improvement was dependent on touchscreen testing or on 56 Fe IRR, we then assessed separate cohorts of 56 Fe IRR vs. Sham mice for pattern separation performance in a non-touchscreen task, contextual discrimination fear conditioning (CDFC), and also assessed the impact of 28 Si IRR vs. Sham on CDFC.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…To assess whether this improvement was dependent on touchscreen testing or on 56 Fe IRR, we then assessed separate cohorts of 56 Fe IRR vs. Sham mice for pattern separation performance in a non-touchscreen task, contextual discrimination fear conditioning (CDFC), and also assessed the impact of 28 Si IRR vs. Sham on CDFC. Irrespective of whether tested on a touchscreen or non-touchscreen platform, or whether CDFC mice received to 56 Fe or 28 Si IRR, IRR mice had better pattern separation than Sham mice. Taken together, these data show whole body exposure to HZE particles is not detrimental to high level cognition in mature mice and actually enhances performance in certain mission-critical tasks, such as pattern separation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Multi-domain cognitive assessment of male mice shows space radiation is not harmful to high-level cognition and actually improves pattern separation

Whoolery

Yun

Reynolds

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Astronauts on interplanetary missions-such as to Mars-will be exposed to space radiation, a spectrum of highly-charged, fast-moving particles that includes 56 fe and 28 Si. earth-based preclinical studies show space radiation decreases rodent performance in low-and some high-level cognitive tasks. Given astronaut use of touchscreen platforms during training and space flight and given the ability of rodent touchscreen tasks to assess functional integrity of brain circuits and multiple cognitive domains in a non-aversive way, here we exposed 6-month-old C57BL/6J male mice to whole-body space radiation and subsequently assessed them on a touchscreen battery. Relative to Sham treatment, 56 fe irradiation did not overtly change performance on tasks of visual discrimination, reversal learning, rule-based, or object-spatial paired associates learning, suggesting preserved functional integrity of supporting brain circuits. Surprisingly, 56 fe irradiation improved performance on a dentate gyrus-reliant pattern separation task; irradiated mice learned faster and were more accurate than controls. Improved pattern separation performance did not appear to be touchscreen-, radiation particle-, or neurogenesisdependent, as 56 fe and 28 Si irradiation led to faster context discrimination in a non-touchscreen task and 56 fe decreased new dentate gyrus neurons relative to Sham. these data urge revisitation of the broadly-held view that space radiation is detrimental to cognition. Interplanetary missions-such as to Mars-are a high priority for many space agencies. The crew of future missions will face hazards 1-3 , such as exposure to galactic cosmic radiation 4-7 a spectrum of low and high-(H) atomic number (Z) and high-energy (E) particles such as 56 Fe and 28 Si. Fast-moving HZE particles cannot be effectively blocked by modern spacecraft shielding 8-11. Therefore, it is concerning that studies with laboratory animals generally conclude HZE particles are detrimental to brain and behavior 12-14. Such preclinical data suggest HZE particle exposure may be harmful to astronaut cognition and impede mission success.

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confidence: 87%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Multi-domain cognitive assessment of male mice shows space radiation is not harmful to high-level cognition and actually improves pattern separation

Whoolery

Yun

Reynolds

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…I mportantly, to see if the space radiation-induced improvement in CDFC was dependent on the type of heavy particle used, CDFC 10 was also performed with mice exposed to whole body 28 Si IRR ( Fig. 1D, 6 ), a particle with a smaller track structure than 56 Fe (86) . Sham mice spent more time freezing in Context A vs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multi-domain cognitive assessment of male mice reveals whole body exposure to space radiation is not detrimental to high-level cognition and actually improves pattern separation

Whoolery

Yun

Reynolds

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Astronauts on interplanetary space missions -such as to Mars -will be exposed to space radiation, a spectrum of highly-charged, fast-moving particles that includes 56 Fe and 28 Si. Earth-based preclinical studies with mature, "astronaut-aged" rodents show space radiation decreases performance in lowand some high-level cognitive tasks. Given the prevalence of touchscreens in astronaut training and in-mission assessment, and the ability of rodent touchscreen tasks to assess the functional integrity of brain circuits and multiple cognitive domains in a non-aversive way, it is surprising the effect of space radiation on rodent touchscreen performance is unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, 6-month-old C57BL/6J male mice were exposed to whole-body space radiation and assessed on a touchscreen battery starting 1-month later. Relative to Sham, 56 Fe irradiation did not overtly change performance on tasks of visual discrimination, reversal learning, rule-based, or object-spatial paired associates learning, suggesting preserved functional integrity of supporting brain circuits.Surprisingly, 56 Fe irradiation led to better performance on a dentate gyrus-reliant task of pattern separation ability. Irradiated mice discriminated similar visual cues in ~40% fewer days and ~40% more accurately than control mice. Improved pattern separation was not touchscreen-, radiation-particle, or neurogenesis-dependent, as both 56 Fe and 28 Si irradiation led to faster context discrimination (e.g. Sham Block 5 vs. 56 Fe Block 2) in a non-touchscreen task and 56 Fe led to fewer new dentate gyrus neurons relative to Sham. These data urge revisitation of the broadly-held view that space radiation is detrimental to cognition. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAstronauts on an interplanetary mission -such as to Mars -will be unavoidably exposed to galactic cosmic radiation, a spectrum of highly-charged, fast-moving particles. Rodent studies suggest space radiation is detrimental to cognition. However, here we show this is not universally true. Mature mice that received whole body exposure to Mars-relevant space radiation perform similarly to control mice on high-level cognitive tasks, reflecting the functional integrity of key neural circuits. Even more surprisingly, irradiated mice perform better than controls in both appetitive and aversive tests of pattern separation, a mission-critical task reliant on dentate gyrus integrity. Notably, improved pattern separation was not touchscreen-, radiation-particle-, or neurogenesis-dependent. Our work urges revisitation of the generally-accepted conclusion that space radiation is detrimental to cognition.3 RESULTS Mice exposed to whole body 56 Fe radiation demonstrate overall normal perceptual discrimination, association learning, and cognitive flexibility in touchscreen testing.Whole body 56 Fe IRR was delivered via fractionation (Frac; 3 exposures of 6.7 cGy every other day, total 20 cGy) to male C57BL/6J mice at 6 mon of age. This total dose is submaximal to that predicted for a Mars mission (9, 66) , and the fr...

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Development of Polymer Composites in Radiation Shielding Applications: A Review

Zeng

Kang

Duan

et al. 2023

J Inorg Organomet Polym

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Atlas of Nuclear Emulsion Micrographs from Personnel Dosimeters of Manned Space Missions,

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Multi-domain cognitive assessment of male mice shows space radiation is not harmful to high-level cognition and actually improves pattern separation

Multi-domain cognitive assessment of male mice shows space radiation is not harmful to high-level cognition and actually improves pattern separation

Multi-domain cognitive assessment of male mice reveals whole body exposure to space radiation is not detrimental to high-level cognition and actually improves pattern separation

Development of Polymer Composites in Radiation Shielding Applications: A Review

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