Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2005

Beven, John L.; Avila, Lixion A.; Blake, Eric S.; Brown, Daniel P.; Franklin, James L.; Knabb, Richard D.; Pasch, Richard J.; Rhome, Jamie R.; Stewart, Stacy R.

doi:10.1175/2007mwr2074.1

Cited by 207 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Almost 5 million people were affected and less than 600 were killed. Tropical cyclones Stan and Wilma, from the extremely active season of 2005 (Beven et al, 2008), are the most destructive storms of the study period as they were associated with almost two million affected and 33 killed. At landfall, Wilma was a category 4 hurricane while Stan was a category 1 hurricane; both provided large amounts of total rainfall (> 500 mm) and established new records of daily rainfall (> 350 mm/d) at certain stations.…”

Section: Comparison With the Atlantic Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of tropical cyclones making landfall on the Pacific coast of Mexico: 1970-2010

Farfán¹,

Alfaro²,

Cavazos³

2013

Atmósfera

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Este estudio evalúa los impactos de los ciclones tropicales (CT) que tocaron tierra en áreas pobladas a lo largo de la costa del Pacífico mexicano. El periodo de interés abarca de 1970 a 2010 y se utiliza una base de datos internacional de desastres para identificar dichos impactos. Se registraron más de 30 eventos durante el periodo de referencia, de los cuales se examinan los 25 que acumularon mayor precipitación, así como los 10 que causaron mayores daños a la población afectada, que en estos casos varió de 20 000 a más de 800 000 habitantes. Vientos fuertes y precipitación intensa en periodos de uno a tres días se asociaron con daños materiales y pérdida de vidas humanas. Los resultados del estudio indican que las acumulaciones excesivas de lluvia y su intensidad diaria son elementos importantes vinculados con la ocurrencia de desastres en áreas densamente pobladas. Seis de los primeros 10 CT asociados con los mayores desastres ocurrieron en condiciones de El Niño y tres en condiciones neutrales; sin embargo, al examinar los 25 CT asociados con la precipitación acumulada, se observó que 10 de éstos ocurrieron en condiciones de El Niño y 10 en condiciones neutrales. Tres casos ocurridos en eventos correspondientes a El Niño (Liza en 1976, Pauline en 1997 y Lane en 2006) se documentaron con más detalle debido a que afectaron áreas con densidades poblacionales diferentes en las costas del sur y noroeste de México. ABSTRACTThis study evaluates impacts from tropical cyclone (TC) landfalls on populated areas located along the Pacific Ocean coast of Mexico. The period of interest is from 1970 through 2010 and an international disaster database is used to identify the impact from the landfalling TCs. More than 30 landfall events occurred during the period; we examined the top 25 TCs based on rainfall accumulation, as well as the top 10 TC-related disasters based on the affected population. Each event resulted in affected population from 20 000 to more than 800 000. Strong winds and heavy rainfall, during periods of one to three Atmósfera 26(2), 163-182 (2013) 164 L. M. Farfán et al. days, are associated with property damage and loss of lives. Our results indicate that excessive rainfall accumulations and daily rates, over highly populated areas, are important elements associated with the occurrence of disasters. Six of the top 10 TC-related disasters occurred during El Niño and three during neutral conditions; however, looking at the top 25 events, 10 occurred during El Niño and 10 during neutral conditions. Three case studies that occurred during El Niño events (Liza in 1976, Pauline in 1997, and Lane in 2006 are documented in more detail as they affected areas with different population densities in the southern and northwestern coasts of Mexico.

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Section: Comparison With the Atlantic Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of tropical cyclones making landfall on the Pacific coast of Mexico: 1970-2010

Farfán¹,

Alfaro²,

Cavazos³

2013

Atmósfera

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“…The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season (Beven et al 2008) is notable for having the most named storms in a single season (28). Five storms, including three hurricanes (Cindy, Dennis, and Emily), were active in July during the TCSP field campaign.…”

Section: Overview Of Tropical Storms Cindy and Gert (2005)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Aircraft Dropsonde and Satellite Wind Data on Numerical Simulations of Two Landfalling Tropical Storms during the Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes Experiment

Velden

et al. 2008

Weather and Forecasting

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Dropwindsonde, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-11 (GOES-11) rapid-scan atmospheric motion vectors, and NASA Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) near-surface wind data collected during NASA's Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes (TCSP) field experiment in July 2005 were assimilated into an advanced research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model using its three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) system. The impacts of the mesoscale data assimilation on WRF numerical simulation of Tropical Storms Cindy and Gert (2005) near landfall are examined. Sensitivity of the forecasts to the assimilation of each single data type is investigated. Specifically, different 3DVAR strategies with different analysis update cycles and resolutions are compared in order to identify the better methodology for assimilating the data from research aircraft and satellite for tropical cyclone study.The results presented herein indicate the following. 1) Assimilation of dropwindsonde and satellite wind data into the WRF model improves the forecasts of the two tropical storms up to the landfall time. The QuikSCAT wind information is very important for improving the storm track forecast, whereas the dropwindsonde and GOES-11 wind data are also necessary for improved forecasts of intensity and precipitation. 2) Data assimilation also improves the quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) near landfall of the tropical storms. 3) A 1-h rapid-update analysis cycle at high resolution (9 km) provides more accurate tropical cyclone forecasts than a regular 6-h analysis cycle at coarse (27 km) resolution. The high-resolution rapidly updated 3DVAR analysis cycle might be a practical way to assimilate the data collected from tropical cyclone field experiments.

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“…Hurricanes Wilma and Rita caused $21 and $12 billion, respectively, in damages. The devastation from these TCs was due to a combination of flooding, storm surge, and high winds (Beven et al 2008). Although all three TCs reached category 5 on the SaffirSimpson scale at some point in their lifetime (Saffir 1973;Simpson 1974), they were classified as considerably weaker category-3 hurricanes at landfall by the National Hurricane Center (Beven et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The devastation from these TCs was due to a combination of flooding, storm surge, and high winds (Beven et al 2008). Although all three TCs reached category 5 on the SaffirSimpson scale at some point in their lifetime (Saffir 1973;Simpson 1974), they were classified as considerably weaker category-3 hurricanes at landfall by the National Hurricane Center (Beven et al 2008). However, all three of these devastating TCs had undergone a dramatic expansion in the size of their wind field after crossing the warm loop current west of 838W in the warmer Gulf of Mexico (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Size and Structure to the Atmospheric Temperature Profile

Stovern

Ritchie

2016

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

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This study uses the WRF ARW to investigate how different atmospheric temperature environments impact the size and structure development of a simulated tropical cyclone (TC). In each simulation, the entire vertical virtual temperature profile is either warmed or cooled in 18C increments from an initial specified state while the initial relative humidity profile and sea surface temperature are held constant. This alters the initial amount of convective available potential energy (CAPE), specific humidity, and air-sea temperature difference such that, when the simulated atmosphere is cooled (warmed), the initial specific humidity and CAPE decrease (increase), but the surface energy fluxes from the ocean increase (decrease).It is found that the TCs that form in an initially cooler environment develop larger wind and precipitation fields with more active outer-core rainband formation. Consistent with previous studies, outer-core rainband formation is associated with high surface energy fluxes, which leads to increases in the outer-core wind field. A larger convective field develops despite initializing in a low CAPE environment, and the dynamics are linked to a wider field of surface radial inflow. As the TC matures and radial inflow expands, large imports of relative angular momentum in the boundary layer continue to drive expansion of the TC's overall size.

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Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2005

Cited by 207 publications

References 21 publications

Characteristics of tropical cyclones making landfall on the Pacific coast of Mexico: 1970-2010

Characteristics of tropical cyclones making landfall on the Pacific coast of Mexico: 1970-2010

The Impact of Aircraft Dropsonde and Satellite Wind Data on Numerical Simulations of Two Landfalling Tropical Storms during the Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes Experiment

Simulated Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Size and Structure to the Atmospheric Temperature Profile

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