Atividade enzimática do solo sob sistema de produção orgânica e convencional na cultura da cana-de-açúcar em Goiás

Abstract

ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar a atividade das enzimas ligadas ao ciclo do carbono, à mineralização do fósforo e atividade enzimática total do solo cultivado com cana-de-açúcar orgânica certificada com e sem revolvimento do solo, orgânica em certificação, convencional com e sem queima da palhada e uma área remanescente de Cerrado no município de Goiatuba, GO, Brasil. Foi realizada coleta de solo em março (período chuvoso) e setembro (período de estiagem) de 2009, na profundidade de 0-10 cm, para análises de matéria orgânica, pH, P, granulometria e atividade enzimática total, β-glicosidase e fosfatase ácida. Os dados foram submetidos às análises descritiva e multivariada. O sistema de produção orgânico certificado de cana-de-açúcar sem revolvimento do solo apresentou maiores níveis de atividade da β-glicosidase, indicando maior ciclagem da matéria orgânica em relação aos outros sistemas. Os maiores valores de fosfatase ácida foram observados nas coletas amostradas no período chuvoso na área remanescente de Cerrado, seguido pelo sistema de produção orgânico certificado sem revolvimento do solo. Menor atividade enzimática total foi observada no sistema que utiliza a queima da palhada antes da colheita. O solo remanescente de Cerrado seguido pelo sistema orgânico certificado de cana-de-açúcar sem revolvimento apresentaram os melhores indicadores de qualidade de solo. Palavras-chave: β-glicosidase, atividade enzimática total, manejo orgânico, mineralização do carbono, fósforo orgânico, fosfatase ácida AbstractThis work aimed to evaluate the activity of enzymes related with the carbon cycle, P mineralization and total enzymatic activity of soil cultivated with certified organic sugarcane with and without soil tillage, organic sugarcane under certification, conventional sugarcane with and without residue burning and a remaining area of Cerrado in Goiatuba, GO, Brazil. Soil samples were collected in March (summer) and in September (winter) 2009 from 0-10 cm depth for analysis of organic matter, pH, P, granulometry, total enzymatic activity, β-glucosidase and acid phosphatase. Data were subjected to descriptive and multivariate analyses. The certified organic management of sugarcane without soil tillage had higher levels of β-glucosidase activity, indicating increased cycling of organic matter in relation to other systems. The highest values of acid phosphatase were observed in the samples collected from the remaining area of Cerrado in the summer, followed by the certified organic management without soil 1 Engº Agrº, Consultor do SEBRAE/GO,

Soil microbial biomass and activity in wetlands located in preserved and disturbed environments in the cerrado biome

“…Unlike the results of the present study, other studies carried out in Brazilian tropical soils, in savannas (Cerrado) (EVANGELISTA et al, 2012) and tropical forest (Mata Atlântica) (SANT 'ANNA et al, 2009) The use of enzyme activities (including FDA hydrolysis) as indicators of soil quality can be quite troublesome, since in many cases it is difficult to elucidate possible changes in enzyme activity in response to a given factor, or even establish relations of cause and effect between the occurrence of a disturbing event and changes in soil enzyme activity (GIANFREDA et al, 2005). However, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis is said to be a sensitive method to estimate microbial activity in hydromorphic soil (Planosol) of subtropical lowlands in southern Brazil, constituting a bioindicator of soil quality in areas subjected to different types of agricultural management under those conditions (MATTOS et al, 2009).…”

Reforestation of a Degraded Area with Eucalyptus and Sesbania: Microbial Activity and Chemical Soil Properties

“…The authors claim that FDA activity represents the heterotrophic potential of Rev Bras Cienc Solo 2017;41:e0160239 soils because it represents the activity of enzyme groups that decompose organic matter (Dick et al, 1996). Other studies (Evangelista et al, 2012;Silva et al, 2012) have shown that the activity of several enzymes is influenced by the levels of organic matter in soils.…”

“…Microbial respiration and the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) are some of the parameters most commonly used to evaluate microbial activity in soils; they define the total enzymatic activity in a soil where microorganisms are the main source of enzymes (Pereira et al, 2004;Green et al, 2006;Batista et al, 2008;Carvalho et al, 2008;Carneiro et al, 2009;Evangelista et al, 2012). Research has shown that these factors are significantly influenced by soil use and management methods (Pell et al, 1998;Stenström et al, 1998;Arshad and Martin, 2002;Schloter et al, 2003;Gil-Sotres et al, 2005;Batista et al, 2008).…”

Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activity of Soil Under Clonal Rubber Tree Plantations

“…The maintenance of ecosystem productivity, both in plantations and forests, greatly depends on the process of organic matter transformation and consequently on the microbial biomass (Gama-Rodrigues & Gama-Rodrigues, 2008). Microorganisms constitute the main source of soil enzymes, and the evaluation of enzyme activity has been reported as an effective indicator of soil quality, organic matter decomposition and nutrient availability resulting from management practices (Evangelista et al, 2012).…”