Atitudes de estudantes de psicologia acerca do álcool, do alcoolismo e do alcoolista

Abstract

Introduction: The study of the attitudes of health professionals towards alcohol, alcoholism and the alcoholic is still scarce in Brazilian literature, and the attitudes of psychologists and psychology students, are not available in the national studies that have been busy this phenomenon. After the movements sanitary psychiatric reform in Brazil in the late 1980s, a significant increase of these professionals in various health services, including those intended to care for people with alcohol problems and alcoholism. What makes it important to identify issues related to the preparation and attitudes of future professionals in psychology towards alcohol, alcoholism and alcoholics. Aim: To investigate and analyze the attitudes of psychology students towards alcohol, alcoholism and alcoholics. Method: An exploratory study of psychometric approach, conducted with a sample of 159 students of the final year psychology three colleges of the city of São Paulo. For data collection we used the Scale of Attitudes Towards Alcohol, Alcoholism and alcoholics (EAFAAA), and a demographic questionnaire. Data analysis tests were used descriptive statistics (simple frequencies, percentages and means) and to check whether attitudinal differences existed among the three groups performed an analysis of variance. Results: It was observed that, in general, the 159 students showed a trend of positive attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism and alcoholics. Students from the three schools showed positive attitudes to factors 1 (the work and relate to the alcoholic) and 2 (attitudes towards alcoholic). There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.005) for the three factors (attitudes toward alcoholism, etiology) and 4 (attitudes towards alcohol use) and full scale for the College in relation to colleges B and C. A reliability check of EAFAAA estimated by Cronbach's alpha indicated good internal consistency (0.90). Conclusion: The psychology students tended to have positive attitudes, according to the results of EAFAAAA. College students who have had experience or contact with alcoholics showed more positive attitudes than those who had only preparation in the classroom. Thus the need to revise the curriculum and the inclusion of psychology students, since graduating in specialized care services to the user of alcohol is of utmost social relevance.

Álcool, alcoolismo e alcoolista: atitudes dos enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família

“…Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado dois instrumentos: a Escala de Atitudes frente ao Álcool, ao Alcoolismo e ao Alcoolista (EAFAAA) e o questionário de avaliação das práticas dos enfermeiros. 8,9 . A EAFAAA foi construída no estudo de Vargas e Luis (2008) (9) .…”

“…8,9 . A EAFAAA foi construída no estudo de Vargas e Luis (2008) (9) . No entanto, a versão da EAFAAA utilizada no estudo é composta por 50 itens distribuídos em quatro fatores: fator 1 "O trabalhar e o relacionar-se com o alcoolista" (21 itens), fator 2 "As atitudes frente ao alcoolista" (9 itens), fator 3 "Atitudes frente ao alcoolismo, etiologia" (11 itens) e fator 4 "As atitudes frente ao uso do álcool" (9 itens) 9 .…”

“…A escala de resposta do EAFAAA é uma escala do tipo Likert, com cinco opções de resposta: 1 -discordo totalmente; 2 -discordo; 3 -indiferente; 4 -concordo; 5 -concordo totalmente [8][9][10] . Para cálculo do escore total deve-se somar os itens e dividir pelo número de itens do escore total, o mesmo deve ser realizado para cálculo do escore cada fator.…”

“…A EAFAAA tem 75% dos itens predominantemente negativos e devem ser calculados com valores invertidos. Escores elevados são indicativos de atitudes positivas [8][9][10] . A EAFAAA foi adaptada e validada para uso no idioma espanhol 11 .…”

“…As atitudes podem ser definidas como a predisposição do indivíduo para agir de maneira igual a uma determinada classe de objetos ou estar sempre pronto para reagir, diante de uma determinada situação 7 . Para a avaliação das atitudes dos enfermeiros em relação ao álcool, ao alcoolismo e ao alcoolista, foi criada a Escala de Atitudes frente ao Álcool, ao Alcoolismo e ao Alcoolista (EAFAAA) [8][9][10] .…”