Athlete Biological Passport: Need and Challenges

Mahendru, Dhruv; Kumaravel, J; Mahalmani, Vidya M; Medhi, Bikash

doi:10.1007/s43465-020-00040-7

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Lastly, Zwift's anti-doping policy analysis also highlights that their current measurements do not promote clean sport and fail to protect athletes' health and safety by their current anti-doping publication rulebook. Additionally, a "digital doping passport" [58], like the athlete's biological passport (ABP) used by WADA [60] and a set of "digital doping rule violations" (DDRVs) [37], which would be the replication of the anti-doping rule violations as laid out by WADA, but specific and tailored for the competitive digital environments are needed.…”

Section: Doping and Cheating In Esports And E-cyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of Cheating and Doping in E-Cycling

Richardson,

Berger,

Smith

2023

Sports

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E-cycling is a growing area of cycling appealing to competitive cyclists and fitness enthusiasts. Zwift is the most popular e-cycling platform, with approx. 1 million subscribers and is a virtual environment that hosts regular races, including the UCI e-cycling world championships. The popularity of Zwift has given rise to cases of cheating and hacking the system to gain an advantage in e-racing. As a result, some high-profile professional riders have faced bans. We set out to understand the thoughts and concerns e-cyclists have about cheating, hacking, and doping in e-cycling. A total of 337 females and 1130 males were recruited over a 7-week period via social networking sites to complete an online survey. Forty-four per cent had experienced cheating during e-racing, which made them feel angry, annoyed, disappointed, and cheated. However, 15% of those who experienced cheating said they did not care, possibly because many see e-racing as a game or training tool rather than a competitive event. Eighty-seven per cent of participants were in favour of enforcing a ban on cheaters in e-cycling, while 34% wanted cheaters to be banned during in-person cycling events too. Results indicate that many e-cyclists have experienced cheating and would like clearer rules and bans for cheaters during e-races.

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Section: Doping and Cheating In Esports And E-cyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of Cheating and Doping in E-Cycling

Richardson,

Berger,

Smith

2023

Sports

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“…A variety of doping practices is commonly subsumed under the term “blood doping,” and an interesting narrative review on the history of altitude physiology and its immediate connection with blood manipulation strategies in sports informatively summarizes the knowns and the unknowns, the challenges, and solutions in routine doping controls 176,177 . The hematological module of the ABP, which visualizes fluctuations in selected biological markers collated over an athletes sporting career, was installed in 2009 and has since demonstrated its capability of detecting blood doping practices 178 . The observed decrease in athletes' variability in reticulocyte percentage (%RET) since 2009 has also been attributed to the ABP, and its deterrent effect has been mentioned as key reason for the significant decline in athletic performance assessed for female middle‐ and long‐distance runners before and after the implementation of this anti‐doping strategy 179 .…”

Section: Manipulation Of Blood and Blood Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…176,177 The hematological module of the ABP, which visualizes fluctuations in selected biological markers collated over an athletes sporting career, was installed in 2009 and has since demonstrated its capability of detecting blood doping practices. 178 The observed decrease in athletes' variability in reticulocyte percentage (%RET) since 2009 has also been attributed to the ABP, and its deterrent effect has been mentioned as key reason for the significant decline in athletic performance assessed for female middle-and long-distance runners before and after the implementation of this anti-doping strategy. 179 Conversely, the hypothesized significant decline in the estimated prevalence of blood doping in elite track and field athletes was not confirmed in a study that employed seven hematological parameters constituting the abnormal blood profile score (ABPS), determined for a total of 3,683 blood samples collected at two major sporting events in 2011 and 2013.…”

Section: Manipulation Of Blood and Blood Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual banned‐substance review: Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing 2019/2020

Thevis

Kuuranne

Geyer

2020

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Analytical chemistry-based research in sports drug testing has been a dynamic endeavor for several decades, with technology-driven innovations continuously contributing to significant improvements in various regards including analytical sensitivity, comprehensiveness of target analytes, differentiation of natural/ endogenous substances from structurally identical but synthetically derived compounds, assessment of alternative matrices for doping control purposes, and so forth. The resulting breadth of tools being investigated and developed by anti-doping researchers has allowed to substantially improve anti-doping programs and data interpretation in general. Additionally, these outcomes have been an extremely valuable pledge for routine doping controls during the unprecedented global health crisis that severely affected established sports drug testing strategies. In this edition of the annual banned-substance review, literature on recent developments in antidoping published between October 2019 and September 2020 is summarized and discussed, particularly focusing on human doping controls and potential applications of new testing strategies to substances and methods of doping specified the World Anti-Doping Agency's 2020 Prohibited List.

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“…Athletes need to continuously improve their competitive ability, which requires higher-intensity physical training to tap their potential and achieve better results. Only by arranging training plans reasonably can physical injuries caused by excessive training intensity be prevented [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Recognition Method of Athlete Exercise Intensity Based on ECG and PCG

Wang

Zhu

2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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Athletes usually arrange their training plans and determine their training intensity according to the coach’s experience and simple physical indicators such as heart rate during exercise. However, the accuracy of this method is poor, and the training plan and exercise intensity arranged according to this method can easily cause physical damage, or the training cannot meet the actual needs. Therefore, in order to realize the reasonable arrangement and monitoring of athletes’ training, a method of human exercise intensity recognition based on ECG (electrocardiogram) and PCG (Phonocardiogram) is proposed. First, the ECG and PCG signals are fused into a two-dimensional image, and the dataset is marked and divided according to the different motion intensities. Then, the training set is trained with a CNN (convolutional neural network) to obtain the prediction model of the neural network. Finally, the neural network model is used to identify the ECG and PCG signals to judge the exercise intensity of the athlete, so as to adjust the training plan according to the exercise intensity. The recognition accuracy of the model on the dataset can reach 95.68%. Compared with the use of heart rate to detect the physical state during exercise, ECG records the total potential changes in the process of depolarization and repolarization of the heart, and PCG records the waveform of the beating sound of the heart, which contains richer feature information. Combined with the CNN method, the athlete’s exercise intensity prediction model constructed by extracting the features of the athlete’s ECG and PCG signals realizes the real-time monitoring of the athlete’s exercise intensity and has high accuracy and generalization ability.

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Athlete Biological Passport: Need and Challenges

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Perceptions of Cheating and Doping in E-Cycling

Perceptions of Cheating and Doping in E-Cycling

Annual banned‐substance review: Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing 2019/2020

The Recognition Method of Athlete Exercise Intensity Based on ECG and PCG

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