Atherosclerotic Change at One Year After Implantation of Endeavor Zotarolimus-Eluting Stent vs. Everolimus-Eluting Stent

Angioscopy in 2015: the Role of Macroscopic Pathology in Living Patients

“…Endeavor zotarolimus-eluting stent (ZES), which is also one of the second generation DES, at 4 months already had good neointima coverage with low incidence of thrombus as those at 8 months, although the yellow plaque was detected more frequently at 4 months than at 8 months [14]. The yellow color decreased significantly from baseline to 1-year follow-up in Endeavor ZES but it did not change in Xience EES while the incidence of thrombus decreased significantly in both stents to a very low level [15]. This finding suggests that neointima coverage would be good in both stents but that the sealing effect by a thick fibrous neointima may be expected only in Endeavor ZES.…”

“…1), requiring 5-10 years for a new yellow plaque to be formed in the thick white neointima and cause event by its disruption. On the other hand, in general, very thin neointima is usually formed over DES (excluding Endeavor ZES) and the yellow plaque under the stent remains yellow [15], suggesting that only a few years would be required for the pre-existing yellow plaque to cause event by its disruption.…”

In Vivo Evaluation of Tissue Protrusion by Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Coronary Angioscopy Immediately After Stent Implantation

“…10 Neointimal coverage (NC) grade was classified into 4 grades, as previously described. 10,11 In brief, grade 0=stent struts completely exposed (similarly to immediately after implantation); grade 1=stent struts visible with dull light reflection; grade 2=no light reflection from the stent struts with slightly visible struts; grade 3=stent struts completely covered and not visible through the neointima.…”

“…Yellow color (YC) under the stent was categorized into 4 grades (0, white; 1, slight yellow; 2, yellow; and 3, intensive yellow), as previously described. 10,11 Maximum (Max-) YC grade and presence or absence of thrombus was determined for each…”

Comparison of Chronic Angioscopic Findings of Bare Metal Stents, 1st-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents and 2nd-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents – Multicenter Study of Intra-Coronary Angioscopy After Stent (MICASA) –

“…The degree of NC of the stent struts was classified into 4 grades as previously described (Figure 1). 12 In brief: grade 0=stent struts that were completely exposed (similar to immediately after implantation); grade 1=stent struts were visible with dull light reflection; grade 2=there was no light reflection from the stent struts with slightly visible struts; grade 3=stent struts were completely covered, and not visible through the neointima. Because most stents had ≥1 NC grade, we assessed the minimum (Min-) and maximum (Max-) NC grade.…”