ATF6  polymorphisms and protective effect in diabetic retinopathy

Tayyab, Mina; Maqsood, Sundus Ijaz; Azam, Aisha; Muslim, Irfan; Agha, Zehra; Shafique, Sobia; Ahmed, Waqas; Niazi, Muhammad Khizar; Ishaq, Mazhar; Waheed, Nadia K.; Azam, Maleeha; Qamar, Raheel

doi:10.1016/j.mgene.2018.04.009

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…ATF6 transports to the Golgi apparatus and finally to the nucleus during ER stress. It regulates the activation of transcription factors and various enzymes, and promotes cells to resume normal function 13 . This study showed that erythrocyte transfusion induced the expression of STING, ATF6, and IRE1 in macrophages, indicating that the activity of ER was increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antishock Characteristics of Erythrocyte-mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Macrophages in Severe Hemorrhagic Shock Environment Based on TLR9-cGAS-STING-IFN Signal Axis

Kang

Yuan

et al. 2020

Cell Transplant

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of erythrocyte-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in macrophages in hemorrhagic shock. An hemorrhagic shock model was established in male BALB/c mice. Animals were randomly divided into three groups ( n = 8): control group (A), erythrocyte reinfusion group (B), and TLR9 inhibition group (C). Eight healthy BALB/c mice were also included as group N ( n = 8). Mice in group A were not treated, while mice in groups B and C were transfused with red blood cells separated from the blood of mice in group N. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of erythrocyte surface protein TLR9 in each group. Immunofluorescence assay was used to analyze the distribution and relative expression of protein STING in macrophages. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the expression of STING, ATF6, and IRE1 in macrophages. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze the levels of inflammatory signal molecules, including IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-6, CCL4, CCL5, and IL-6. FITC-Annexin V was used to analyze the apoptosis of immune cells (macrophages) in mouse blood samples and to detect the concentration of calcium ions in erythrocyte cytoplasm. The results showed that the expression of erythrocyte surface protein TLR9; the distribution of STING-positive cells in macrophages; the expressions of STING, ATF6, and IRE1 in macrophages; the levels of inflammatory signal molecules; the apoptosis rate of macrophages; and the intracellular calcium concentration in erythrocytes in group B were higher than those in group A, followed by group C. These results suggest that TLR9 regulates ER stress in macrophages of mice with hemorrhagic shock through the TLR9-cGAS-STING-IFN signaling pathway. Increased expression of TLR9 enhanced macrophage activity, reduced apoptosis, enhanced inflammatory response and immune response, and restored electrolyte level, which might be a therapeutic option for the treatment of hemorrhagic shock.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%