AT repeats in barley genome

Ermak, Gennadv; Prosnyak, M. I.; Vecher, A.A.; Kartel, N. A.

doi:10.1016/0014-5793(90)80482-x

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the paper of Perkins et al, 5) the penetration depth was not shown. On the other hand, Smith 6) and Č ermák 7) have determined sD gb from the tail slope where the ratio of the penetration depth to ðD v tÞ 1=2 is in the range from 10 to 60 6) and from 80 to 200, 7) respectively, whereas in the present experiments the ratio is in the range from 1200 to 2700. Figure 6 shows the same penetration profiles as Figs.…”

Section: =5contrasting

confidence: 45%

“…The recalculated values of sD gb are in a similar range that observed by the previous authors. [5][6][7] This means that the present experiment has observed the grain boundary diffusion via faster paths than those observed by Smith and Č ermák. Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10 show the penetration profiles of ln C C versus X 2 for the diffusion of 51 Cr in the solution-treated SUS316 and 316L, the sensitized SUS316 and the coldworked SUS316, respectively.…”

Section: =5mentioning

confidence: 68%

“…5 in comparison with those by the previous authors. [5][6][7] The grain boundary diffusivity in SUS316L is higher than that in SUS316. Furthermore, it should be noted that the diffusivities in SUS316 and 316L are about two-three orders of magnitude higher than those observed in austenitic stainless steels by the previous authors.…”

Section: Grain Boundary Diffusion Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low Temperature Grain Boundary Diffusion of Chromium in SUS316 and 316L Stainless Steels

et al. 2004

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Grain boundary diffusivity of chromium in SUS316 and 316L stainless steels has been determined in the temperature range between 518 and 1173 K. The magnitudes of the grain boundary diffusivities in four kinds of specimens are in the order of the cold-worked SUS316, the solution-treated SUS316L, the solution-treated SUS316 and the sensitized SUS316. The grain boundary diffusivities in these specimens are remarkably higher than those of previous works. The activation energies for the former are 85-91 kJmol À1 , whereas those for the latter are 151-234 kJmol À1 .

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Section: =5contrasting

confidence: 45%

Section: =5mentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Grain Boundary Diffusion Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low Temperature Grain Boundary Diffusion of Chromium in SUS316 and 316L Stainless Steels

et al. 2004

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“…In addition, the 3′ UTR of ag164 cDNA contains two (AT) n stretches of 34 and 58 bp, respectively. AT repeats have been found in untranscribed genomic DNA regions of several organisms (Ermak et al 1990;Johnson-Schlitz and Engels 1993), particularly in microsatellites (Morgante and Olivieri 1993), in introns of genes (GenBank accession numbers V00452, M29259, and L02212), and recently also in some partial plant cDNA sequences (GenBank accession numbers U38031, R90270, and T38798), as well as 3′ of putative polyadenylation sites in gene sequences (GenBank accession numbers X60387, U09989, X14058, X14059, and X15122). These regions are known to be able to form stable secondary structures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Nodule-Specific Gene Family from Alnus glutinosa Encodes Glycine- and Histidine-Rich Proteins Expressed in the Early Stages of Actinorhizal Nodule Development

Pawlowski¹,

Twigg²,

Dobritsa³

et al. 1997

MPMI

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Two cDNAs representing different members (agNt84 and ag164) of a gene family encoding glycine- and histidine-rich proteins have been isolated from cDNA libraries from Alnus glutinosa root nodules. Expression of the corresponding genes could only be detected in nodules. With in situ hybridization, the expression in nodules was found to occur in young, infected cells of the prefixation zone (zone 2). The encoded proteins contain putative signal peptides for targeting to the endomembrane system, sharing sequence similarity with signal peptides from plant glycine-rich proteins, among them nodulin 24, a nodule-specific protein from soybean. This similarity suggests that, analogous to nodulin-24, proteins encoded by agNt84/ag164 may be located at the interface between the host plant membrane and the matrix surrounding the endosymbiont. The 3' untranslated regions of the cDNAs contain unusual poly(AT)n stretches that may play a role in the regulation of RNA stability. The protein encoded by agNt84 cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion with maltose-binding protein, and was shown to have the ability to bind to a nickel-chelating resin, indicating that it may function as a metal-binding protein.

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“…In fact, it was reported that the grain boundary diffusion of Cr is much faster than balk diffusion in steels. 14,15) On the basis of further diffraction contrast analysis, ferrite/martensite distributions within the area of Fig. 6(a) were investigated, and the results are schematically summarized in Fig.…”

Section: Chemical Analyses Around the Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure Evolution at Severely-deformed Ferrite/Martensite Interfaces in a Layer-integrated Steel

Hayashi

Abe

2010

ISIJ Int.

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The microstructure evolution at interfaces of a layer-integrated steel sheet constructed by ferritic (SPCC) and martensitic stainless (SUS420J2) steel layers, which were bonded through a cold-rolling and subsequently annealed at 1 000°C, has been investigated using scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. We find that microstructures around the SPCC/SUS420J2 interfaces are significantly reconstructed during a short-time annealing at 1 000°C followed by quenching into water, and the resultant ferrite/martensite interface is found to be extended into the SPCC side from the original cold-rolled interface. Occurrence of such interface migration can be reasonably explained as due to a martensitic transformation across the composition-gradient interface that is caused by element diffusions during annealing at 1 000°C. These microstructural characteristics are discussed by comparing with our recent observations of austenite (SUS304)/martensite (SCM415) interface microstructures (Hayashi et al., ISIJ Int., 49 (2009), 1406, which are formed via the same rolling/annealing procedures, aiming to provide a common aspect on how the strong bonding between the hetero-interfaces can be achieved in the layer-integrated steels.KEY WORDS: steels; interface structure; scanning transmission electron microscopy; phase transformation; severe plastic deformation. Experimental ProcedureFor microstructural studies of the SPCC/SUS420J2 interface, a three-layered sheet was designed using commercialgrade roll steel SPCC and martensitic stainless steel SUS420J2; the SUS420J2 layer is sandwiched by the two SPCC layers. Compositions of these steels are summarized in Table 1. The three-layered sheet was submitted to a cold rolling process with reduction of ϳ60 % in thickness, and consequently the SPCC and SUS420J2 layers become 0.16 mm and 0.33 mm in final thickness, respectively (see Fig. 1 in Ref. 11 for details of specimen dimensions). Figure 1 shows the as-rolled SPCC/SUS420J2 microstructure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing that some thick oxide blocks (0.5-1 mm in thickness) are sparsely distributed along the as-rolled interface (see white arrows in Fig. 1) at which obvious voids are not observed at this magnification. The oxide blocks are presumably inherited from the original surface oxide layers (the sheet surfaces have been scratch-brushed before the cold-rolling 9) ), and, in fact, similar block oxides were also observed for the previous as-rolled SCM415/SUS304 interface treated by the same manner. 11,12) In the present work, we investigate microstructure evolutions at the apparently well-bonded interface region in Fig. 1 (namely, we do not deal with any microstructural change of the block oxides during the subsequent annealing).The rolled samples were annealed at 1 000°C for 0-10 min followed by quenching into water ("0 min" annealing means that the specimen was immediately quenched when it reached the annealing temperature 1 000°C). Note that water quenching is es...

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AT repeats in barley genome

Abstract: The DNA sequence (AT)26 of barley genome has been cloned. This sequence is arranged in intraspecific locus and is repeated 1500 times per haploid genome. This fragment is not translated and can form cruciform structures in the AT region.

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Low Temperature Grain Boundary Diffusion of Chromium in SUS316 and 316L Stainless Steels

Low Temperature Grain Boundary Diffusion of Chromium in SUS316 and 316L Stainless Steels

A Nodule-Specific Gene Family from Alnus glutinosa Encodes Glycine- and Histidine-Rich Proteins Expressed in the Early Stages of Actinorhizal Nodule Development

Microstructure Evolution at Severely-deformed Ferrite/Martensite Interfaces in a Layer-integrated Steel

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