Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity: patients with childhood-onset rheumatic diseases versus healthy children

Haşlak, Fatih; Özbey, Doğukan; Yıldız, Mehmet; Adroviç, Amra; Şahin, Sezgin; Köker, Oya; Aliyeva, Ayten; Guliyeva, Vafa; Yalçın, Gamze; İnanlı, Gülmelek; Kocazeybek, Bekir; Kasapçopur, Özgür; Barut, Kenan

doi:10.1007/s10067-022-06067-5

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who are known to have a history of autoimmune rheumatic disease and undergoing immunomodulatory treatment are not at high risk of developing severe forms of COVID-19 or complications [ 19 ]. The results of Haslak et al suggested that patients with childhood onset rheumatic diseases, even if treated with immunosuppressive medication might have an asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, presenting similarly to healthy individuals [ 20 ]. According to current studies, some of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) used by SLE patients have certain effects on COVID-19, influencing the risk of acquiring the infection, disease progression and the immunogenicity of vaccines.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Risk Factors For Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Type I interferon responses seem to be strong in relation to COVID-19 infections [ 38 ]. An increased expression of IFN-α has been observed in many patients with autoimmune pathology, especially in SLE patients [ 20 ]. Over time, SLE onset has been associated to previous viral exposure such Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), parvovirus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), hepatitis C virus and, more recently, SARS-CoV-2 [ 39 , 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Pediatric Sle Onset Following Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematous in COVID-19 Era

Lupu

Miron

Gavrilovici

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disorder with a highly variable course and prognosis. It results in functional abnormalities in the immune system due to intrinsic factors and the use of immunosuppressive therapies associated with underlying comorbidities seem to increase the risk of severe COVID-19 and poor outcomes of the disease in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. The aim of this review is to obtain a better understanding of the existing link between this new viral infection and pediatric lupus. We have analyzed the characteristics of newly diagnosed cases of pediatric SLE following COVID-19 which have been reported in the literature and which describe the impact that COVID-19 has on patients already suffering with pediatric SLE.

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Section: Epidemiology and Risk Factors For Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pediatric Sle Onset Following Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematous in COVID-19 Era

Lupu

Miron

Gavrilovici

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Similar studies in children with rheumatic diseases have been conducted in other countries [8][9][10]. In a study conducted in Turkey from March 2020 to August 2020 [8], exactly in the period of our first study [4], 149 children asymptomatic for COVID-19 (43 healthy children, 42 with JIA, and 64 with other rheumatic diseases) were included. The proportion positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA or IgG was 12.75% children, including 18.6% healthy children and 11.9% diagnosed with JIA, but those differences were not statistically significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 Upregulation in Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Case-Control Study

Opoka-Winiarska

Grywalska

Korona-Głowniak

et al. 2022

JCM

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Currently, data regarding the impact of COVID-19 disease (caused by SARS-CoV-2) on patients with childhood rheumatic diseases are significantly limited. To assess the possible connection, we measured levels of IgA and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and a control group during the pandemic, prior to the introduction of anti-COVID-19 vaccination. We assessed levels of PD-1 suppressive molecule and inflammatory markers in patients and correlated those results with serological response to SARS-CoV-2. In JIA patients, the activity of the disease was assessed using the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score 71 (JADAS 71) scale. The study consisted of 96 children, 65 diagnosed with JIA, treated with antirheumatic drugs, and 31 healthy volunteers. In patients with JIA, significantly higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the IgA and IgG were demonstrated compared to the control group. We also found significantly higher serum PD-1 levels in JIA patients and control volunteers who were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 IgA or IgG antibodies compared to those who were seronegative. The humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with the persistent upregulation of PD-1 expression in both JIA patients and healthy children. The clinical significance of the detected disorder requires further careful observation.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pediatric patients with autoimmune disorders

2023

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in pediatric patients with autoimmune disorders is an area of particular concern since autoimmune diseases can increase the risk of complications from the virus. However, as the infection rates were significantly higher in adults compared to children, this at-risk group of children was relatively underrepresented in COVID-19 research. The underlying inflammatory basis of autoimmune diseases and medications that affect the immune system, such as corticosteroids, could increase the risk of severe infection in this group of patients. COVID-19 could reportedly lead to a variety of alterations in the immune system. These alterations are plausibly dependent on the underlying immune-mediated diseases or prior use of immunomodulatory drugs. Patients administrating immunomodulatory agents, especially those with severe immune system dysregulation, can experience severe symptoms of COVID-19. Nonetheless, receiving immunosuppressive medications can benefit patients by preventing cytokine storm syndromes and lung tissue damage, threatening outcomes of COVID-19. Conclusion: In this review, we sought to evaluate the currently available literature on the impact of autoimmune disease and its related therapeutic approaches on the COVID-19 infection course of disease in children and reflect on the gaps in the evidence and the need for further research in this field. What is Known: • The majority of children infected with COVID-19 demonstrate mild to moderate clinical manifestations compared to adults, whereas those children with pre-existing autoimmune conditions are at a greater risk for severe symptoms. •There is currently limited understanding of the pathophysiology and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in pediatric patients with autoimmune disorders due to scattered reports and inadequate evidence. What is New: • Generally, children with autoimmune disorders have more unfavorable outcomes than healthy children; yet, the severity is not extreme, and is highly dependent on their autoimmune disease type and severity, as well as the medication they are taking.

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Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity: patients with childhood-onset rheumatic diseases versus healthy children

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematous in COVID-19 Era

Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematous in COVID-19 Era

Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 Upregulation in Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Case-Control Study

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pediatric patients with autoimmune disorders

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