Asymptomatic Leishmania infection in blood donors from the Southern of Spain

Aliaga, Luis; Ceballos, J Checa; Sampedro, Antonio; Cobo, Fernando; López–Nevot, Miguel A.; Merino‐Espinosa, Gemma; Márquez, Fernando José; Martı́n-Sánchez, Joaquina

doi:10.1007/s15010-019-01297-3

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These results agree with those obtained by direct xenodiagnosis in Brazil in which no sand fly was found to be infected by microscopy, although the detection of L. infantum DNA by PCR in some L. longipalpis females fed on a few asymptomatic subjects was reported [11,18]. However, several studies indicate that in some cases L. infantum is prevalent among asymptomatic blood donors [31][32][33] circulating intermittently and at low density in the blood of asymptomatic carriers [34]. Asymptomatic leishmaniasis is defined as infection in the absence of symptoms, a very broad description that has usually been recognized by leishmanin skin test, serological tests or PCR.…”

Section: Date Of Initiation Of Treatment or Secondary Prophylaxissupporting

confidence: 88%

Role of asymptomatic and symptomatic humans as reservoirs of visceral leishmaniasis in a Mediterranean context

Molina¹,

Jiménez²,

García‐Martínez³

et al. 2020

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background In the Mediterranean basin, Leishmania infantum is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a zoonosis in which the dog is the primary domestic reservoir, although wildlife may have a leading role in the sylvatic cycle of the disease in some areas. Infections without disease are very frequent. There is limited information regarding the role that VL patients and asymptomatic infected individuals could be playing in the transmission of L. infantum. Xenodiagnosis of leishmaniasis has been used in this descriptive study to explore the role of symptomatic and asymptomatic infected individuals as reservoirs in a recent focus of leishmaniasis in southwestern Madrid, Spain. Methodology and main findings Asymptomatic blood donors (n = 24), immunocompetent patients who were untreated (n = 12) or treated (n = 11) for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), and immunocompromised patients with VL (n = 3) were enrolled in the study. Their infectivity to Phlebotomus perniciosus was studied by indirect xenodiagnosis on peripheral blood samples. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction of blood samples from immunocompetent patients untreated for VL and immunocompromised untreated, treated and under secondary prophylaxis for VL was performed. Antibodies against Leishmania were studied by indirect fluorescent antibody and rK39-immunochromatographic tests. A lymphoproliferative assay with a soluble Leishmania antigen was used to screen for leishmaniasis infection in the healthy population. Sixty-two xenodiagnostic tests were carried out and 5,080 sand flies were dissected. Positive xenodiagnosis was recorded in four patients, with different sand fly infection rates: 1 immunosuppressed HIV / L. infantum coinfected asymptomatic patient, 1 immunosuppressed patient PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES

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Section: Date Of Initiation Of Treatment or Secondary Prophylaxissupporting

confidence: 88%

Role of asymptomatic and symptomatic humans as reservoirs of visceral leishmaniasis in a Mediterranean context

Molina¹,

Jiménez²,

García‐Martínez³

et al. 2020

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…HIV coinfection can also often induce atypical leishmaniases, for instance, infections with L. (L.) amazonensis [ 59 ] and L. (V.) braziliensis [ 58 ] can cause VL. Several reported cases in endemic countries show VL can be transmitted through a non-vector transmission route, such as blood transfusion [ 60 , 61 ] or via the sharing of needles between intravenous drug users [ 62 ]. Congenital VL cases, although extremely rare in humans, were found to be the predominant route of transmission among canines in the U.S. [ 63 ], suggesting Leishmania ’s potential in invading the placenta [ 64 ] (reviewed in [ 65 ]).…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Asymptomatic carriers can also transmit Leishmania through blood transfusions. Nearly 10% and 5% of the blood donors from Granada (Spain) and Salvador (Brazil), respectively, tested positive for asymptomatic Leishmania infection, raising concerns about the safety of the blood supplies in endemic regions [ 60 , 83 ].…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Health Approach to Leishmaniases: Understanding the Disease Dynamics through Diagnostic Tools

et al. 2020

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Leishmaniases are zoonotic vector-borne diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania that affect millions of people around the globe. There are various clinical manifestations, ranging from self-healing cutaneous lesions to potentially fatal visceral leishmaniasis, all of which are associated with different Leishmania species. Transmission of these parasites is complex due to the varying ecological relationships between human and/or animal reservoir hosts, parasites, and sand fly vectors. Moreover, vector-borne diseases like leishmaniases are intricately linked to environmental changes and socioeconomic risk factors, advocating the importance of the One Health approach to control these diseases. The development of an accurate, fast, and cost-effective diagnostic tool for leishmaniases is a priority, and the implementation of various control measures such as animal sentinel surveillance systems is needed to better detect, prevent, and respond to the (re-)emergence of leishmaniases.

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“…Blood samples from 4,925 dogs were analysed to determine the CanL seroprevalence rates in the different regions showing a global value of 23.7%. Data on human leishmaniasis in 1,260 blood donors (Aliaga et al, 2019) were delimited by regions ( Figure 2).…”

Section: Correlation To Other Epidemiological Features Potentially mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…L. infantum can cause several leishmaniasis forms such as visceral, cutaneous (CL) and mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) in humans, and canine leishmaniasis in dogs (CanL) (Aliaga et al., 2003; Dantas‐Torres et al., 2019; World Health Organization, 2017). Furthermore, the disease may not progress in a significant proportion of the infected people, but the epidemiological role of these asymptomatic carriers is poorly understood (Aliaga et al., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum : Integration of human, animal and environmental data through a One Health approach

Martı́n-Sánchez

Rodríguez‐Grangér

Morillas‐Márquez

et al. 2020

Transbound. Emerg. Dis.

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Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and transmitted by the bite of infected female phlebotomine sandflies. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by Leishmania infantum in the Mediterranean basin, and dogs are considered its main domestic reservoir (Dantas-Torres, Miró, Bowman, Gradoni, & Otranto, 2019). In addition, several species such as

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Asymptomatic Leishmania infection in blood donors from the Southern of Spain

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Role of asymptomatic and symptomatic humans as reservoirs of visceral leishmaniasis in a Mediterranean context

Role of asymptomatic and symptomatic humans as reservoirs of visceral leishmaniasis in a Mediterranean context

One Health Approach to Leishmaniases: Understanding the Disease Dynamics through Diagnostic Tools

Leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum : Integration of human, animal and environmental data through a One Health approach

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