Leishmaniasis due to
            <i>Leishmania infantum</i>
            : Integration of human, animal and environmental data through a One Health approach

Martı́n-Sánchez, Joaquina; Rodríguez‐Grangér, Javier; Morillas‐Márquez, F.; Merino‐Espinosa, Gemma; Sampedro, Antonio; Aliaga, Luis; Corpas‐López, Victoriano; Tercedor-Sánchez, J.; Aneiros‐Fernández, José; Acedo-Sanchez, C.; Rodríguez, Laura Porcel; Díaz‐Sáez, Victoriano

doi:10.1111/tbed.13580

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In Europe, zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania infantum , dogs being its primary reservoirs, with a wide distribution throughout the Mediterranean basin (Otranto & Dantas‐Torres, 2013; Martín‐Sánchez et al., 2020). This species has also been detected in different species of vertebrates, such as lagomorphs (i.e., rabbits and hares) that play an important role as sylvatic reservoirs in endemic areas of Europe (Molina et al., 2012; Tsokana et al., 2016; Martin‐Sanchez et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania spp. in Squamata reptiles from the Mediterranean basin

Mendoza‐Roldan

Latrofa

Tarallo

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Leishmania tarentolae is a nonpathogenic trypanosomatid species isolated from geckoes in the Mediterranean basin. In Italy, L. tarentolae and Leishmania infantum occur in sympatry in areas where canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is endemic. Here, we investigated the prevalence and distribution of L. tarentolae in reptilian hosts and the presence of L. infantum in the same animals in southern Italy. From April 2020 to April 2021, lizards and snakes were captured in urban, peri-urban sites, natural parks, and dog shelters. Blood was individually sampled and assessed for the presence of Leishmania spp. by cytology and/or molecular biology. Captured lizards were euthanized and their tissues/organs were tested by duplex real-time-PCR for the detection of L. infantum and L. tarentolae and the positive ones were amplified by conventional PCR to confirm the species identification by sequencing. Samples were also screened by realtime PCR for L. infantum kDNA minicircle. Of the 259 collected Squamata reptiles, 34 (13.1%) specimens scored positive for Leishmania spp., with a prevalence of 10% for L. tarentolae (n = 26) and of 3.1% for L. infantum (n = 8). Positive lizards were mostly Podarcis siculus (n = 26) from dog shelters, with six specimens positive for L. infantum. In addition, L. tarentolae was detected in one Podarcis filfolensis lizard, and in five T. mauritanica geckos (with one gecko and P. filfolensis lizard showing amastigote-like forms in thrombocytes), whereas L. infantum was detected in one T. mauritanica, and one Hemidactylus turcicus. Data herein reported demostrate that saurian reptiles living in CanL endemic areas of the Mediterranean basin may be exposed to both L. tarentolae and L. infantum indicating a sympatric circulation of these species in different vertebrate hosts. Moreover, this study represents the first molecular evidence of L. infantum infection in European reptiles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania spp. in Squamata reptiles from the Mediterranean basin

Mendoza‐Roldan

Latrofa

Tarallo

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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“…Human and canine leishmaniasis (CanL), cryptic or symptomatic, are present in the whole province. The annual global incidence of autochthonous human leishmaniasis in Granada province showed an increasing linear trend from a baseline of 0.12 (one case) in 2003 to a peak value of 3.93 (36 cases) in 2016 (Martín‐Sánchez, Rodríguez‐Granger, et al., 2020 ). CanL prevalence is not uniform across the province, but it is globally high (49.9% prevalence estimated by PCR and 23.7% seroprevalence).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We assessed clinical presentation and patient characteristics such as age, sex, HIV status and other immunological disorders. The diagnostic methods used were microscopy, in vitro culture, PCR, urine antigen detection and serology (Martín‐Sánchez, Rodríguez‐Granger, et al., 2020 ). The study and its procedures were explained to the patient and/or their relatives.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmaniasis vectors in the environment of treated leishmaniasis cases in Spain

Díaz‐Sáez

Morillas-Mancilla

Corpas‐López

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Transmission of leishmaniasis in endemic areas is characterized by microfocality related to the presence of the vector. Most entomological studies in southwestern Europe have focused on sylvatic areas and town outskirts, very few have sampled town or urban centres, and no survey has investigated inside households. The aim of this study was to determine the sand fly species diversity and vector density in the surroundings of human leishmaniasis cases compared with environments in which there was no association. Sand flies were captured in 26 households associated with recently treated leishmaniasis patients, 15 neighbouring houses without associated cases, and in others environments. Overall 7495 sand flies belonging to six species were captured. The highest sand fly density was found in farmhouses where there is a great availability of blood sources and breeding sites. In the environment of human leishmaniasis cases, Sergentomyia minuta was the most prevalent species followed by Phlebotomus perniciosus. Nevertheless, lower Leishmania infantum infection rates and lower intensity of infection were detected in S. minuta sand flies than in P. perniciosus. The density of P. perniciosus in households with recently treated leishmaniasis patients varies between 0 and 108 sand flies per light trap/night, with the maximum values corresponding to farmhouses. This species appears to be adapted to both indoors and outdoors domestic biotopes, including urban households.

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“…L. ( L .) chagasi in South America) is responsible for both VL and CL in humans [ 7 ], while in dogs is the most important aetiological agent of CanL in the Mediterranean Basin, Central America, South America and parts of Asia [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The host micro-RNA cfa-miR-346 is induced in canine leishmaniasis

et al. 2022

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Background Leishmaniases are a group of anthropo-zoonotic parasitic diseases caused by a protozoan of the Leishmania genus, affecting both humans and other vertebrates, including dogs. L. infantum is responsible for the visceral and occasionally cutaneous form of the disease in humans and canine leishmaniasis. Previously, we have shown that L. infantum induces a mild but significant increase in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress expression markers to promote parasites survival in human and murine infected macrophages. Moreover, we demonstrated that the miRNA hsa-miR-346, induced by the UPR-activated transcription factor sXBP1, was significantly upregulated in human macrophages infected with different L. infantum strains. However, the ER stress response in infected dogs, which represent an important reservoir for Leishmania parasite, was described once recently, whereas the miR-346 expression was not reported before. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate these pathways in the canine macrophage-like cell line DH82 infected by Leishmania spp. and to evaluate the presence of cfa-miR-346 in plasma of non-infected and infected dogs. The DH82 cells were infected with L. infantum and L. braziliensis parasites and the expression of cfa-mir-346 and several ER stress markers was evaluated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) at different time points. Furthermore, the cfa-miR-346 was monitored in plasma collected from non-infected dogs (n = 11) and dogs naturally infected by L. infantum (n = 18). Results The results in DH82 cells showed that cfa-mir-346 was induced at both 24 h and 48 h post-infection with all Leishmania strains but not with tunicamycin, accounting for a mechanism of induction independent from sXBP1, unlike what was previously observed in human cell lines. Moreover, the cfa-miR-346 expression analysis on plasma revealed a significant increase in infected dogs compared to non-infected dogs. Conclusions Here for the first time, we report the upregulation of cfa-miR-346 induced by Leishmania infection in canine macrophage-like cells and plasma samples of naturally infected dogs. According to our results, the cfa-miR-346 appears to be linked to infection, and understanding its role and identifying its target genes could contribute to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the host–pathogen interaction in leishmaniasis.

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Leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum : Integration of human, animal and environmental data through a One Health approach

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

Leishmania spp. in Squamata reptiles from the Mediterranean basin

Leishmania spp. in Squamata reptiles from the Mediterranean basin

Leishmaniasis vectors in the environment of treated leishmaniasis cases in Spain

The host micro-RNA cfa-miR-346 is induced in canine leishmaniasis

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