Asymptomatic carriers of clostridium difficile in serbian population

Stojanović, Predrag; Stojanović, Nevena; Kocić, Branislava; Stanković-Đorđević, Dobrila; Babić, Tatjana; Stojanović, Kristina

doi:10.2478/s11536-012-0067-z

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Age groups included neonates (n = 13); infants (n = 24); and children 2 years or younger (n = 12), 3 years or younger (n = 3), 5 years or younger (n = 2), 8 years or younger (n = 2), 10 years or younger (n = 1), and older than 10 years (n = 32) . Seventy-seven studies included healthy children; other populations were premature or low-birth-weight infants (n = 6), patients with oncologic or hematologic disease (n = 9), patients with a diagnosis of malnourishment (n = 1), and outpatients attending gastroenterology clinics without C difficile –associated clinical symptoms (n = 2) (eTable 2 in the Supplement).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fifteen studies had a high risk of bias because the samples were not representative of the target population (eg, special populations) (eTable 3 in the Supplement). Most studies had either low (n = 88) or unclear (n = 5) risk of bias with regard to participant recruitment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies that fully (n = 80) or partially (n = 4) described the participants and setting were at low and unclear risk of bias, respectively. Eleven studies had a high risk of bias because of failure to describe the participants or setting in detail (eg, hospitalized children without admission diagnoses) …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Detection of Clostridioides difficile Among Asymptomatic Children

et al. 2021

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IMPORTANCE Detection of Clostridioides difficile has frequently been described in asymptomatic infants and children, but accurate estimates across the age spectrum are unavailable. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of C difficile detection among asymptomatic children across the age spectrum. DATA SOURCES This systematic review and meta-analysis included a search of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2020. Search terms included Clostridium difficile, Peptoclostridium difficile, Clostridioides difficile, CDF OR CDI OR c diff OR c difficile, Clostridium infections OR cd positive diarrhea OR cd positive diarrhea OR Clostridium difficile OR Peptoclostridium difficile OR pseudomembranous colitis OR pseudomembranous enterocolitis, enterocolitis, and pseudomembranous. These were combined with the following terms: bacterial colonization and colonization OR colonized OR colonizing OR epidemiology OR prevalence OR seroprevalence. STUDY SELECTION Studies were screened independently by 2 authors. Studies were included if they reported testing for C difficile among asymptomatic children (ie, children without diarrhea) younger than 18 years.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data were extracted independently and in duplicate by 2 reviewers. Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were used. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe primary outcome was prevalence of C difficile detection among asymptomatic children. Secondary outcomes included prevalence of toxigenic vs nontoxigenic strains of C difficile and prevalence of C difficile detection stratified by geographic region, income status, testing method, and year of testing. RESULTS A total of 95 studies with 19 186 participants were included. Rates of detection of toxigenic or nontoxigenic C difficile were greatest among infants aged 6 to 12 months (41%; 95% CI, 32%-50%) and decreased to 12% (95% CI, 7%-18%) among children aged 5 to 18 years. The prevalence of toxigenic C difficile colonization was lower, peaking at 14% (95% CI, 8%-21%) among infants aged 6 to 12 months and decreasing to 6% (95% CI, 2%-11%) among children older than 5 years. Although prevalence differed by geographic region (ie, North and South America vs Europe: β, −0.151, P = .001; North and South America vs Western Pacific: β, 0.136, P = .007), there was no difference by testing method (ie, culture vs polymerase chain reaction: β, 0.069, P = .052; culture vs enzyme immunoassay: β, −0.178, P = .051), income class (low-middle income vs high income: β, −0.144, P = .23; upper-middle vs high income: β, −0.020,

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Detection of Clostridioides difficile Among Asymptomatic Children

et al. 2021

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“…Prevalence estimates of asymptomatic C. difficile colonization vary considerably between different patient groups (Table 2 ). Among healthy adults with no prior risk factors for CDI, asymptomatic C. difficile colonization prevalence varied between 0 and 15 % [ 15 , 26 – 33 ]. The study reporting 15 % was a prospective cohort study carried out on seven groups of healthy individuals representing various occupations in Japan [ 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic Clostridium difficile colonization: epidemiology and clinical implications

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has changed over the past decades with the emergence of highly virulent strains. The role of asymptomatic C. difficile colonization as part of the clinical spectrum of CDI is complex because many risk factors are common to both disease and asymptomatic states. In this article, we review the role of asymptomatic C. difficile colonization in the progression to symptomatic CDI, describe the epidemiology of asymptomatic C. difficile colonization, assess the effectiveness of screening and intensive infection control practices for patients at risk of asymptomatic C. difficile colonization, and discuss the implications for clinical practice.MethodsA narrative review was performed in PubMed for articles published from January 1980 to February 2015 using search terms ‘Clostridium difficile’ and ‘colonization’ or ‘colonisation’ or ‘carriage’.ResultsThere is no clear definition for asymptomatic CDI and the terms carriage and colonization are often used interchangeably. The prevalence of asymptomatic C. difficile colonization varies depending on a number of host, pathogen, and environmental factors; current estimates of asymptomatic colonization may be underestimated as stool culture is not practical in a clinical setting.ConclusionsAsymptomatic C. difficile colonization presents challenging concepts in the overall picture of this disease and its management. Individuals who are colonized by the organism may acquire protection from progression to disease, however they also have the potential to contribute to transmission in healthcare settings.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1258-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In the period 2005-2010 at the Public Health Institute in Niš, the first study was done about the prevalence of toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains (1,15,16) and C. difficile carrier status (17) in patients and people from the territory of Serbia. The results of the study showed the predominance of strains producing both toxins (A+B+), but also the presence of strains that produce toxin B only (A-B+), which requires the use of microbiological diagnostic tests to reveal and confirm both toxins in order to avoid false negative results (16).…”

Section: Microbiological Diagnosis Of Cdad In Serbiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution to the History of Serbian Medicine: Ten Years from the Introduction of Clostridium difficile into Microbiological Diagnostics in Serbia

Stojanović¹,

Kocić²,

Dragovac³

et al. 2017

Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis

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C. difficile species were isolated for the first time from 175 environment samples in the research studies which were conducted in NRLA of PHI Niš. In the samples of soil taken from the ground within the Clinical Center Niš, those taken from the parks at the territory of the Municipality of Niš, samples of mud and sand around the illegal sewage systems at the territory of the Municipality of Niška Banja, a small number of bacteria C. difficile producing the toxins (A+B+) as well as non-toxigenic isolates (A-B-) were found.Results of the first epidemiological investigations of cases of diarrhea associated with prior antibiotic treatment applied in hospitalized patients in a number of health centers in our country, microbiological investigations done in the Public Health Institute, valuable discussions at professional and scientific meetings influenced the general attitude that isolation and identification of C. difficile and/or detection of toxin produced by this bacteria should be part of the routine work in the Serbian microbiological laboratories.

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Asymptomatic carriers of clostridium difficile in serbian population

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Prevalence of Detection of Clostridioides difficile Among Asymptomatic Children

Prevalence of Detection of Clostridioides difficile Among Asymptomatic Children

Asymptomatic Clostridium difficile colonization: epidemiology and clinical implications

Contribution to the History of Serbian Medicine: Ten Years from the Introduction of Clostridium difficile into Microbiological Diagnostics in Serbia

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