Asymptomatic Candiduria among Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Risk and Sociodemographic Factors, Prevalence, Virulence Markers and Antifungal Susceptibility

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been considered as one of the predisposing factors for candiduria and Candida urinary tract infections. The study determined the socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors of DM patients with asymptomatic candiduria and ascertained the prevalence, virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolated. Socio-demographic and risk factors were obtained via questionnaires. Microscopic, macroscopic and chemical analysis of mid-stream urine (MSU) samples were determined by microbiological method and dipsticks. The characterization, virulence factors, antibiotic susceptibility of Candida isolates were determined by conventional, mycological media and disc diffusion techniques, respectively. Of the 51 MSU samples, ≥ 31.4% were amber and clear in colour, contained yeast cells and leukocytes; between 5.9 to 25.5% had hyaline casts, urobilinogen, epithelial cells, red blood cells, pus cells and nitrite, while the specific gravity was ≥ 1.015. The prevalence of candiduria among subjects with respect to age, types and duration of diabetes, gender, tobacco and alcohol consumption were not significant (p ≥ 0.005). Candida dubliniensis and C. parapsilosis prevalence was highest in subjects with random blood sugar (mg/dL) of ≥ 400 and 300-399, respectively. Of the 39 isolates, 64.1% were Fluconazole sensitive, 10.3% were dose dependent susceptible to Ketoconazole, 74.4% exhibited Voriconazole sensitivity, 100% C. dubliniensis were Clotrimazole sensitive, ≤ 28.6% C. tropicalis and C. glabrata were resistant to Amphotericin B and Itraconazole, while between 23.1% and 71.8% isolates produced hydrolytic enzymes and biofilm. This study revealed the socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors among subjects and the necessity to continuously investigate pathogenic Candida against antifungal agents for effective treatments of asymptomatic candiduria in diabetes mellitus patients.

Magnitude and antibiogram of uropathogens and associated risk factors among asymptomatic female college students in Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia

“…Our finding revealed that the frequency of sexual intercourse (>= 3 per week) showed significant association (P<0.001) with the prevalence of UTI. Females having a sexual habit >= 3 per week were 7.907 times more likely to have higher prevalence of asymptomatic UTI than females that have a null sexual frequency habit, which is in agreement with studies in Nigeria (40,41) This could be due to the fact that female students within this age range (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) are sexually active with multi sex partners which may predispose them to UTI (32) .…”

Quantitative Measurement of Enteric Bacteria Load From Public Surfaces in Restaurants in Nnewi-Town

“…One of the main causes of epidemics obtained from the environment and nosocomial infections is the bio-contamination of surfaces of various items and equipment used by the public [1]. The increasing incidence of epidemic outbreaks of certain diseases and its rate of spread from one community to the other has become a major public concern [2]. Inanimate objects which become contaminated with pathogenic bacteria and then spread infection to others are often referred to as fomites and in the infectious chain serve as the reservoir for pathogens, from which they spread further through transfer via hands [3].…”