Asymmetric Orientational Writing in glass with femtosecond laser irradiation

Poumellec, Bertrand; Lancry, Matthieu; Desmarchelier, Rudy; Hervé, Evelyne; Brisset, François; Poulin, Jean-Claude

doi:10.1364/ome.3.001586

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Instead, we have determined the laser writing conditions and the writing configuration that allows minimization of the quill writing effect. Reported elsewhere [3], we determined that Xx configuration is the most suitable writing configuration and using specific laser conditions avoids any quill writing effect, resulting in more homogenous waveplates. To avoid this problem regardless of the focusing depth, changes in the orientational dependence by adjusting the numerical aperture and the type of focusing optics was studied.…”

Section: Minimizing the Orientational Writing Effectmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Another related problem needs consideration: scanning in both directions is anisotropic and results in an inhomogeneous pattern due to the so-called "Quill writing effect" [2][3][4]. The directional dependence of written lines was observed when the laser beam polarization was either parallel or perpendicular to the writing direction.…”

Section: Minimizing the Orientational Writing Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The directional dependence of written lines was observed when the laser beam polarization was either parallel or perpendicular to the writing direction. In addition the imprinted lines can be themselves asymmetric [3] resulting in non-homogenous retardance profile within the line itself (e.g., one edge exhibit higher retardance compared to the other one). Reversing the scanning direction correspondingly reversed this feature.…”

Section: Minimizing the Orientational Writing Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, further unique properties of laser induced glass modifications have been discovered including orientational dependent writing [2][3][4], glass decomposition [5,6] and elemental distribution with sub-wavelength spatial resolution [7]. To our knowledge, no other technique holds the same potential for realizing 3D multi-functional photonic devices fabricated in a single step in a wide variety of transparent materials, particularly high temperature silica.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compact Birefringent Waveplates Photo-Induced in Silica by Femtosecond Laser

et al. 2014

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Recently, we showed that femtosecond laser induced "nanogratings" consist of thin regions with a low refractive index (Δn = −0.15), due to the formation of nanoporous silica surrounded by regions with a positive index change. In this paper, we investigate a wide range of laser parameters to achieve very high retardance within a single layer; as much as 350 nm at λ = 546 nm but also to minimize the competing losses. We show that the total retardance depends on the number of layers present and can be accumulated in the direction of laser propagation to values higher than 1600 nm. This opens the door to using these nanostructures as refined building blocks for novel optical elements based on strong retardance.

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Section: Minimizing the Orientational Writing Effectmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Minimizing the Orientational Writing Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Minimizing the Orientational Writing Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compact Birefringent Waveplates Photo-Induced in Silica by Femtosecond Laser

et al. 2014

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“…Several hypotheses were proposed to explain the organization of periodic structures as an interference between the incident wave and electron plasma waves [1,13], an interplay between nanoplasmonic and incubation effects [2,4,29,30], self-trapping of excitons [31,32], standing wave [33], ionization scattering instabilities [34][35][36], second harmonic generation [37], Boson condensation [38], Coulomb explosion [39], excitation of surface plasmon polaritons [40,41], and a spacecharge built from ponderomotive force [42]. The first model for nanograting formation was proposed by Shimotsuma et al [1] based on the interference of the laser field with the laserinduced plasma waves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From random inhomogeneities to periodic nanostructures induced in bulk silica by ultrashort laser

2016

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Femtosecond laser-induced volume nanograting formation is numerically investigated. The developed model solves nonlinear Maxwell's equations coupled with multiple rate free carrier density equations in the presence of randomly distributed inhomogeneities in fused silica. As a result of the performed calculations, conduction band electron density is shown to form nanoplanes elongated perpendicular to the laser polarization. Two types of nanoplanes are identified. The structures of the first type have a characteristic period of the laser wavelength in glass and are attributed to the interference of the incident and the inhomogeneity-scattered light waves. Field components induced by coherent multiple scattering in directions perpendicular to the laser polarization are shown to be responsible for the formation of the second type of structures with a subwavelength periodicity. In this case, the influence of the inhomogeneity concentration on the period of nanoplanes is shown. The calculation results not only help to identify the physical origin of the self-organized nanogratings, but also explain their period and orientation.

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Femtosecond laser-induced structural difference in fused silica with a non-reciprocal writing process

et al. 2017

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ionization process is always induced at a very local regime, and therefore, a wide variety of microstructures can be achieved in three-dimensional (3D) space. This principle has been extensively applied in the fabrication of functional devices. For example, the formed nanovoid at the focus can be used for 3D optical memory [6]. Direct writing waveguide in glass is a promising candidate to design the architecture of quantum computation or communication [7]. In recent years, a kind of self-organized periodic nanostructure, referred to as nanograting, is attracting considerable attention due to its characteristics of local anisotropy and optical birefringence, which could be applied for optical data storage, microbiomedicine systems, and S-waveplate fabrication [8][9][10][11][12].Currently, the formation mechanism for self-organized nanogratings in glass is still under hot debate, but the anisotropy of nanograting depends on the polarization of the writing laser [8,[13][14][15]. However, Kazansky et al. observed an additional dependence of nanograting on the laser scan direction in 2007 [16]. According to their observations of the birefringence of the nanograting, simply reversing the scan direction can lead to an obvious intensity difference; this is non-reciprocal laser writing or the so-called quill effect. In addition, they suggest the presence of a pulse front tilt (PFT) as the main cause for such non-reciprocal writing because PFT can establish a tilted intensity plane across the focal spot, which acts to displace free electrons in the plasma by a pondermotive force. Therefore, an asymmetrical carrier motion and successive defect distribution form in the modification area lead to an anisotropic accumulation effect between the two sides of the written line [17,18]. Other groups further studied non-reciprocal ultrafast laser writing with spatiotemporal pulse shaping techniques to change the PFT. Vitek et al. discovered depthdependent non-reciprocal structures formed in irradiated Abstract In this paper, we report a non-reciprocal writing process for inducing asymmetric microstructure using a femtosecond laser with tilted pulse fronts in fused silica. The shape of the induced microstructure at the focus closely depends on the laser scan direction. An elongated end is observed as a kind of structural difference between the written lines with two reverse scans along +x and -x, which further leads to a birefringence intensity difference. We also find a bifurcation in the head region of the induced microstructure between the written lines along x and y. That process results from the focal intensity distortion caused by the pulse front tilt by comparing the simulated intensity distribution with the experimental results. The current results demonstrate that the pulse front tilt not only affects the free electron excitation at the focus but also further distorts the shape of the induced microstructure during a high-energy femtosecond laser irradiation. These results offer a route to fabricate optical elements by changin...

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Asymmetric Orientational Writing in glass with femtosecond laser irradiation

Cited by 33 publications

References 33 publications

Compact Birefringent Waveplates Photo-Induced in Silica by Femtosecond Laser

Compact Birefringent Waveplates Photo-Induced in Silica by Femtosecond Laser

From random inhomogeneities to periodic nanostructures induced in bulk silica by ultrashort laser

Femtosecond laser-induced structural difference in fused silica with a non-reciprocal writing process

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