Asymmetric‐fed triband antenna for military radars and 5G applications using microstrip technology

Abstract

Achieving antenna size reduction while maintaining high efficiency and multiband characteristics with wide bandwidths across all the operating frequency bands is highly demanded and challenging in microstrip antennas. A novel compact triband quasi‐rho‐shaped and cost‐effective antenna is designed on a 7 × 7 × 1 mm3 FR4 substrate having a permittivity of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.02. With an electrical size of 0.39λ0 × 0.39λ0 × 0.056λ0, where λ0 is the free space wavelength at 16.84 GHz, a circular slot and asymmetric microstrip feed are used to achieve the desires performance. The proposed antenna is designed, simulated, and optimized using high‐frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software, and its prototype is fabricated to validate its electromagnetic performance. Furthermore, an equivalent circuit is proposed using the Foster canonical model. The proposed antenna exhibits a maximum stable gain of 5.32 dB and an average radiation efficiency of 77.87% in all the operating frequency bands. The measurement results show that the antenna covers (16.84–18.15 GHz), (24.78–27.40 GHz), and (34.47–37.22 GHz) bands centred at 17.39 GHz, 25.98 GHz, and 35.83 GHz, respectively, with a minimum wide bandwidth (S11 ≤ −10 dB) of 1.31 GHz. The acquired results illustrate that the quasi‐rho‐shaped antenna is suitable for military radars and 5G applications.

A miniaturized dual-band planar antenna with a square ring defected ground structure for 5G millimetre-wave applications

“…Where 𝐹 = 8.79𝑋10 9 𝑓 𝑟√ 𝜀 𝑟 (2) R p =the radius of the patch (cm), f r is the resonant frequency (Hz), ε r is the dielectric constant, and h is the height of the dielectric material in centimeters (cm). The patch area of the antenna, which describes the compactness of the antenna, is calculated using (3).…”

“…In the last few decades, several planar antennas for WLAN, LTE/4G, WiMAX, and 5G applications have been investigated in the open literature. Different Microstrip antenna shapes, including Heart-shaped [3], rectangular [4], circular shapes [5]- [7]; Dolly-shaped [8], and Rho-shaped [9], along with dual-band techniques such as defected ground structures (DGS), slots or slits etching and Metamaterials have been investigated. A circular patch antenna for 5G applications to compare two feeding techniques, namely, coaxial probe and Microstrip line is designed in [10].…”