Astroviruses as a Cause of Gastroenteritis in Children

Herrmann, John E.; Taylor, David N.; Echeverria, Peter; Blacklow, Neil R.

doi:10.1056/nejm199106203242501

Cited by 195 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…1. Patient 1 was first found by EM to be excreting rotavirus and astrovirus type 1 on 12 May 1981 but the sample gave an equivocal result in the astrovirus EIA (C -U = 0 147, C/U = 1-94). Subsequent samples collected on 16 occasions between 22 May and 2 July were all positive by EIA and shown by EM to contain rotavirus and astrovirus.…”

Section: Enzyme Immunoassay (Eia)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of this assay has recently enabled larger epidemiological studies to be carried out on samples from developing countries, e.g. Thailand [12] and Guatemala [13]. Although astroviruses have been recognized for almost 20 years there are few data on prevalence of different strains in children presenting with symptoms of diarrhoea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of astrovirus serotypes from children treated at the Hospitals for Sick Children, London 1981–93

Noel

Cubitt

1994

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYAn enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for astrovirus type 1 together with immune electronmicroscopy (IEM) was used to type a collection of 162 astroviruses obtained from 1981-93 from children with diarrhoea. The EIA was found to be specific for astrovirus type 1. Astrovirus types 2-4 were typed by IEM.Astrovirus type 1 was the prevalent serotype 107/125 (86 %), followed by type 3 (8 %), type 4 (6 %) and type 2 (1 %). Six samples containing astrovirus could not be typed or detected by EIA because they were coated with coproantibodies; 11 others were not identified. Virus particles could no longer be detected in 15/162 (9%) samples following storage for > 2 years.

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Section: Enzyme Immunoassay (Eia)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of astrovirus serotypes from children treated at the Hospitals for Sick Children, London 1981–93

Noel

Cubitt

1994

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…Astroviruses occur worldwide accounting for about 2%-16% of diarrhea in hospitalized children and 5%-17% of diarrhea in the community. 13 They are far more common than previously thought and their clinical significance continues to generate interest. [14][15][16] Rotavirus infection is endemic in Nigeria and most studies conducted are hospital based.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of rotavirus and astrovirus infections in children in Northwestern Nigeria

et al. 2008

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Background: Recent estimates attribute 527 000 deaths in children less than five years of age to rotavirus diarrhea annually, with 145 000 occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Human astroviruses have been identified as one of the most frequent causes of infantile diarrhea, second in incidence only to rotavirus. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of rotavirus and astrovirus and also to establish the circulating strains of rotavirus in a community in Nigeria where most diarrheic patients do not visit clinics or health care centers. Methods: A total of 154 stool samples (134 diarrheic and 20 non-diarrheic) were collected from infants and young children less than 5 years of age from January-March 2002. Samples were obtained by house-to-house visit in randomly selected districts in Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria. The samples were screened for rotavirus and astrovirus antigens using commercially available Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits. All positive group A rotavirus samples were further subjected to VP6 sub-group ELISA, Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to determine their RNA electropherotypes and Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to determine their VP7 and VP4 genotypes. Results: Rotavirus and astrovirus antigens were detected in 9% (12) and 5% (7) of the 134 diarrheic stool samples respectively. No viral antigen was detected in the non-diarrheic stools. Rotavirus infection was more common in younger children than astrovirus infection. VP6 sub-group II specificity (58.3%), long RNA electropherotypes (41.6%), VP7 genotype G1 (33.3%) and VP4 genotype P [6] (33.3%) were the most common strains in circulation at that time in the community. Of significance is the fact that a large proportion of the rotavirus strains in circulation could not be assigned either a VP6 subgroup or RNA electrophoretic pattern probably as a result of low viral load. Conclusion: In this community-based study, rotavirus and astrovirus were significantly associated with diarrhea. However, the prevalence of rotavirus infection among children appears to be low while that of astrovirus falls in the range seen in hospital-based studies around the continent. Rotavirus, astrovirus, diarrhoea, children, community, Nigeria Résume Contexte: Des estimations récentes attribuent 527 000 décès annuels d'enfants de moins de 5 ans à la diarrhée par rotavirus, parmi lesquels 145 000 surviennent en Afrique Sub Saharienne. Les astrovirus humains ont été identifiés comme l'une des causes les plus fréquentes de diarrhée infantile, en second lieu viennent les atrovirus. Cette étude a été menée pour déterminer la prévalence des rotavirus et astrovirus et établir les souches circulantes de rotavirus dans une population du Nigéria ou la plupart des patients diarrhéiques ne consultent pas en clinique ni les centres de santé. Key words: Epidemiology of Rotavirus and Astrovirus infection in Nigerian children. Aminu M. et al. Page | 169Méthode: Un total de 154 échantillons de selles (134 diarrhéiques et 20...

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“…Genetic analysis of astrovirus sequences available from human, bat, cat, cheetah, mink, sheep, pig, chicken and turkey has classified the astroviridae into two genera that are found in avian and mammalian hosts, the genera Avastrovirus and Mamastrovirus, respectively (Strain et al, 2008;Chu et al, 2008). Astroviruses cause diarrhoea in infants and young children, and in animals they are also found in association with gastroenteritis (Herrmann et al, 1991;Snodgrass & Gray, 1977;Shimizu et al, 1990;Reynolds & Saif, 1986). However, the ecological interrelationship between human astrovirus and viruses from other species has not been established, despite the zoonotic origin of this pathogen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of diverse astroviruses from bats in China

Zhu

Chu

Liu

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

107

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Astroviruses infect humans and many different animal species and are associated with gastroenteritis. Recent studies first detected the virus from bat species in Hong Kong. To understand astrovirus distribution in the wider region further, we examined the prevalence of this virus family in bat specimens collected from a large geographical region of mainland China. We collected 500 anal swabs from 20 bat species in 51 natural habitats from 11 provinces of China and tested these for astroviruses. Our study revealed a remarkably high genetic diversity of astroviruses; five monophyletic groups were identified in bats, including two novel groups. Evidence for varying degrees of host restriction for astroviruses from bats has been found. Phylogenetic analyses also provided insight into the inter-species transmission of Mamastrovirus.

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Astroviruses as a Cause of Gastroenteritis in Children

Cited by 195 publications

References 26 publications

Identification of astrovirus serotypes from children treated at the Hospitals for Sick Children, London 1981–93

Identification of astrovirus serotypes from children treated at the Hospitals for Sick Children, London 1981–93

Epidemiology of rotavirus and astrovirus infections in children in Northwestern Nigeria

Detection of diverse astroviruses from bats in China

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