Identification of astrovirus serotypes from children treated at the Hospitals for Sick Children, London 1981–93

Noel, Jacqueline S.; Cubitt, David

doi:10.1017/s0950268800051578

Cited by 62 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…As in many worldwide studies, a previous pediatrician-based study conducted from 1995 to 1998 (3) showed that type 1 was predominant (9 out of the 10 strains; unpublished data). The diversity described in the present investigation may have been due to the fact that all age groups were tested, whereas most studies reporting type1 predominance were conducted with young children (9,26,29,32). Here, six of the eight strains detected were found in patients more than 3 years old, and both of the astroviruses detected in on May 9, 2018 by guest http://jcm.asm.org/ young children were not type 1 but were types 4 and 8.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Virus Diversity in a Winter Epidemic of Acute Diarrhea in France

et al. 2002

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In France, an epidemic peak of acute diarrhea is observed each winter. Previous results suggested a viral etiology for these winter epidemics. We investigated the role of enteric viruses in acute diarrhea and their molecular diversity. One hundred sixty-one patients with acute diarrhea and 45 healthy patients (controls) from the general population were given a standardized questionnaire between December 1998 and May 1999. Stool specimens were screened for group A and C rotaviruses, human caliciviruses, astroviruses, and adenovirus types 40 and 41 by reverse transcription-PCR and/or enzyme immunoassay. Virologic analysis was positive for 63 cases (39%). Caliciviruses and group A rotaviruses were the most frequent (19 and 17% of cases, respectively). Two control stool specimens were found positive for group A rotavirus, and one was found positive for astrovirus. Molecular characterization of the strains disclosed a cocirculation of P[8],G1, P[8],G4, and P[4],G2 rotaviruses; type 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 astroviruses; and Sapporo-like and Norwalk-like human caliciviruses. These four types of viruses accounted for an attributable risk of acute diarrhea of 34.7% for the general population, under the assumption of a causal role of these viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Virus Diversity in a Winter Epidemic of Acute Diarrhea in France

et al. 2002

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“…In the past, HAstVs were routinely detected by direct transmission electron microscopy (EM) in negatively stained stool The use of antibodies in immune electron microscopy (IEM) or solid-phase immune electron microscopy (SPIEM) enhances the sensitivity of the assay while enabling confirmation of the identity of the viral agent (88,207,252,271). However, the limited availability of antibodies for the different HAstV types hampers the use of these techniques (34).…”

Section: Laboratory Diagnostics Early Developments: Electron Microscomentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Astroviruses

2014

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SUMMARY Human astroviruses (HAtVs) are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that were discovered in 1975. Astroviruses infecting other species, particularly mammalian and avian, were identified and classified into the genera Mamastrovirus and Avastrovirus . Through next-generation sequencing, many new astroviruses infecting different species, including humans, have been described, and the Astroviridae family shows a high diversity and zoonotic potential. Three divergent groups of HAstVs are recognized: the classic ( MAstV 1 ), HAstV-MLB ( MAstV 6 ), and HAstV-VA/HMO ( MAstV 8 and MAstV 9 ) groups. Classic HAstVs contain 8 serotypes and account for 2 to 9% of all acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in children worldwide. Infections are usually self-limiting but can also spread systemically and cause severe infections in immunocompromised patients. The other groups have also been identified in children with gastroenteritis, but extraintestinal pathologies have been suggested for them as well. Classic HAstVs may be grown in cells, allowing the study of their cell cycle, which is similar to that of caliciviruses. The continuous emergence of new astroviruses with a potential zoonotic transmission highlights the need to gain insights on their biology in order to prevent future health threats. This review focuses on the basic virology, pathogenesis, host response, epidemiology, diagnostic assays, and prevention strategies for HAstVs.

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“…Traditionally, astroviruses have been diagnosed by electron microscopy (19,20,26), more recently replaced in many laboratories by in-house enzyme immunoassays (15,26,27) and more recently commercial enzyme immunoassays (22).…”

Section: An Outbreak Of Astrovirus Gastroenteritis Occurred In the Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a Heminested Reverse Transcriptase PCR Assay for Detection of Astrovirus in Environmental Swabs from an Outbreak of Gastroenteritis in a Pediatric Primary Immunodeficiency Unit

Gallimore¹,

Taylor²,

Gennery

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

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An outbreak of astrovirus gastroenteritis occurred in the Primary Immunodeficiency Unit at Newcastle General Hospital in March 2004. Environmental swabbing of the unit was undertaken after the outbreak, with multiple sites swabbed pre- and postcleaning. Astroviruses were detected in four environmental swabs and from two patient fecal samples using heminested reverse transcriptase PCR. An astrovirus genotype 3 strain was identified in both environmental swabs and fecal specimens and was the strain identified as being responsible for the outbreak. Environmental transmission of the virus was thought to have occurred by contamination of a syringe pump outside the laminar-flow curtain of a patient who was admitted with astrovirus gastroenteritis. This was subsequently transmitted to a cubicle next door and to a television/games console in a parents' room in the ward. Environmental monitoring of surfaces/equipment, using PCR assays for gastroenteric viruses in hospital situations where infection can give rise to serious clinical complications, may have a role in controlling and monitoring cleaning and the subsequent prevention of nosocomial transmission of gastroenteritis.

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Identification of astrovirus serotypes from children treated at the Hospitals for Sick Children, London 1981–93

Cited by 62 publications

References 18 publications

Virus Diversity in a Winter Epidemic of Acute Diarrhea in France

Virus Diversity in a Winter Epidemic of Acute Diarrhea in France

Human Astroviruses

Use of a Heminested Reverse Transcriptase PCR Assay for Detection of Astrovirus in Environmental Swabs from an Outbreak of Gastroenteritis in a Pediatric Primary Immunodeficiency Unit

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