Astronomy and History Selected Essays

Neugebauer, O.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-5559-8

Cited by 66 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…90 It is hardly possible to prove whether Philip really was the author of all these books; Neugebauer expressed serious doubts about the authenticity of the majority of the astronomical treatises. 91 Tar ‡n and Lasserre have succeeded only in some cases in linking the imsy surviving evidence with titles known only from the Suda. 92 Paradoxically, most of the astronomical material connected with PhilipÕs name relates to the so-called parap®gmata, i.e., to observational astronomy and meteorology, which his teacher, Plato, held in very low opinion (Res.…”

Section: VImentioning

confidence: 97%

Plato as "Architect of Science"

Zhmud¹

1998

Phronesis

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The gure of the cordial host of the Academy, who invited the most gifted mathematicians and cultivated pure research, whose keen intellect was able if not to solve the particular problem then at least to show the method for its solution: this gure is quite familiar to students of Greek science. But was the Academy as such a center of scienti c research, and did Plato really set for mathematicians and astronomers the problems they should study and methods they should use? Our sources tell about PlatoÕs friendship or at least acquaintance with many brilliant mathematicians of his day (Theodorus, Archytas, Theaetetus), but they were never his pupils, rather vice versa -he learned much from them and actively used this knowledge in developing his philosophy. There is no reliable evidence that Eudoxus, Menaechmus, Dinostratus, Theudius, and others, whom many scholars unite into the group of so-called ÒAcademic mathematicians,Ó ever were his pupils or close associates. Our analysis of the relevant passages (EratosthenesÕ Platonicus, Sosigenes ap. Simplicius, ProclusÕ Catalogue of geometers, and PhilodemusÕ History of the Academy, etc.) shows that the very tendency of portraying Plato as the architect of science goes back to the early Academy and is born out of interpretations of his dialogues.

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Section: VImentioning

confidence: 97%

Plato as "Architect of Science"

Zhmud¹

1998

Phronesis

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“…The unbroken tradition was alive till as recently as 19th century. A Tamil astronomer computed for John Warren, a French astronomer in the service of British East India Company, the lunar eclipse of 1825 May 31-June 1 with an error of +4 minutes for the beginning, −23 minutes for the middle, and −52 minutes for the end (Neugebauer 1983).…”

Section: Textual Astronomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Scriptures, science and mythology: Astronomy in Indian cultures

Kochhar¹

2009

Proc. IAU

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Abstract. Human beings are born astronomers. Ever since they learnt to walk upright they have looked at the sky and wondered. The sky has remained the same but not its meaning. We can distinguish between three phases in the history of humankind's relationship with its cosmic environment: (i) propitiatory phase; (ii) negotiatory phase; and the current (iii) sky-asan-object explanatory, phase. My concern here is to discuss the interplay between astronomy and culture in general in the Indian context. Much of the discussion belongs to the negotiatory phase. More specifically I discuss how in the formative era, sacred texts influenced astronomy, how these texts themselves were modified under the influence of new scientific developments, and how mythology was upgraded to keep pace with science.

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“…Quando se observam os registros astronômicos antigos nota-se poucas fontes para reconstruir a história astronômica da época, inclusive historiadores como Neugebauer (1899Neugebauer ( -1990 comenta este fato comparando a grande quantidade de registros mesopotâmicos em comparação com os regis-* Endereço de correspondência: alan.toribio@ufes.br. tros gregos 1 [1,2]. No entanto, pesquisas recentes como os estudos da máquina de Anticítera [3] tem mostrado como a influência babilônica era forte na antiga Grécia, inclusive no século II a.C. 2 No geral, é possível afirmar que o desenvolvimento inicial da Astronomia estava associada com questões práticas como o trabalho da agricultura, da construção de templos e para marcar datas de rituais religiosos relacionados em muitos casos com mitos cosmológicos, entre outros.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Primeiro modelo matemático da cosmologia: as esferas concêntricas de eudoxo

Velasquez-Toribio

Oliveira

2018

Rev. Bras. Ensino Fís.

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Resumo O modelo cosmológico de Eudoxo de Cnido (408 - 355 a.C.), o modelo das esferas concêntricas, representa o primeiro modelo matemático da cosmologia, o qual tenta explicar o movimento dos corpos celestes. Através dos comentários de Aristóteles (384 - 322 a.C.), dos escritos de Simplício (490 - 560 d.C.) e das abordagens feitas por historiadores e matemáticos do século XIX, será apresentada a reconstrução matemática clássica deste modelo. Também utilizamos um método matemático moderno, o método das matrizes de rotação, para ilustrar os movimentos planetários que resultam do modelo de Eudoxo, e determinar a equação paramétrica da hipópede. Devido à inexistência dos registros históricos originais do modelo, é necessário abordar as principais críticas a esta reconstrução clássica do século XIX, entre elas, a unicidade da reconstrução do modelo. No entanto, mesmo com todas as incertezas na reconstrução, ao longo dos séculos, o modelo de Eudoxo se apresenta como a primeira tentativa de entender, com as observações e as ferramentas da matemática da época, os movimentos do Sol, da Lua e os movimentos retrógrados dos planetas, e este trabalho dedica-se a discutir estas características de forma ampla, esgotando as principais obras apresentadas na literatura.

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Astronomy and History Selected Essays

Cited by 66 publications

References 0 publications

Plato as "Architect of Science"

Plato as "Architect of Science"

Scriptures, science and mythology: Astronomy in Indian cultures

Primeiro modelo matemático da cosmologia: as esferas concêntricas de eudoxo

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