Astrocytes Give Rise to New Neurons in the Adult Mammalian Hippocampus

Seri, Bettina; García‐Verdugo, José Manuel; McEwen, Bruce S.; Alvarez-Buylla, Arturo

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-18-07153.2001

Cited by 1,330 publications

(1,115 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The total number of recombined (rGFP + ) cells in the SGZ was estimated using a ×40 magnification objective. The area of the granule cell layer was measured using ImageJ software and used to estimate the number of labeled cells per mm 2 . For clonal analysis after low-dose TAM induction, cells within a clone were defined as rGFP + cells within 100 µm of a central rGFP + cell.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homeostatic neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus does not involve amplification of Ascl1high intermediate progenitors

et al. 2012

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neural stem/progenitor cells generate neurons in the adult hippocampus. neural stem cells produce transient intermediate progenitors (type-2 cells), which generate neuroblasts (type-3 cells) that exit the cell cycle, and differentiate into neurons. The precise dynamics of neuron production from the neural stem cells remains controversial. Here we lineage trace notchdependent neural stem cells in the dentate gyrus and show that over 7-21 days, the progeny of the neural stem cells progress through an Ascl1 high intermediate stage (type-2a) to neuroblasts. However, contrary to predictions, this Ascl1 high population is not an amplifying intermediate, but it differentiates into mitotic Tbr2 + early neuroblasts, which in turn expand the lineage. After 100 days, the majority of the neural stem cell progeny are neuroblasts or postmitotic neurons. Hence, the neural stem cells require many weeks to generate differentiated neurons. on the basis of this temporal delay in differentiation and population expansion, we propose that the neural stem cell and early neuroblast divisions drive dentate gyrus neurogenesis and not the amplification of type-2a intermediate progenitors as was previously thought.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homeostatic neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus does not involve amplification of Ascl1high intermediate progenitors

et al. 2012

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“…MAB377, Temecula, CA; Kempermann et al, 2003); astrocytes (rabbit polyclonal anti-GFAP, 1 : 500; Dako no. Z0334, Carpinteria, CA; Seri et al, 2001); and oligodendrocytes (rabbit polyclonal anti-NG2, 1 : 250; Chemicon no. AB5320; Dawson et al, 2000).…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended Access to Cocaine Self-Administration Produces Long-Lasting Prefrontal Cortex-Dependent Working Memory Impairments

George

Mandyam

Wee

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

151

127

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Humans with drug addiction exhibit compulsive drug-seeking associated with impairment of prefrontal cortex cognitive function. Whether prefrontal cortex dysfunction is a consequence of chronic drug exposure, or mediates the transition from drug use to drug dependence, is unknown. The current study investigates whether a history of escalated vs controlled cocaine intake is associated with specific working memory impairments, and long-lasting alterations of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex in rats. Working memory was assessed in rats with a history of extended (6 h per session) or limited (1 h per session) access to cocaine (0.5 mg/kg per injection), 3-17 days after the last self-administration session, using a delayed nonmatching-to-sample task. The density of neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes was quantified in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex 2 months after the last self-administration session. Working memory impairments were observed after a history of chronic and escalated cocaine intake, but not after repeated limited access to cocaine. Moreover, working memory impairments were correlated with a decreased density of neurons and oligodendrocytes but not astrocytes in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and with a decreased density of oligodendrocytes in the orbitofrontal cortex. Considering the role of the prefrontal cortex in goal-directed behavior, the prefrontal cortex dysfunctions observed here may exacerbate the loss of control associated with increased drug use and facilitate the progression to drug addiction.

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“…When the molecular biological properties of neural stem cells in the developing and adult CNS were elucidated [6][7][8][9][10], attempts were made to take advantage of their pluripotency to regenerate nervous system cells and tissues that had been lost as a result of neurodegenerative disease or injury. While being maintained in an undifferentiated state, neural stem cells divide and proliferate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury by Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Derived from iPS/ES Cells

et al. 2011

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Reports of functional recovery from spinal cord injury after the transplantation of rat fetus-derived neural stem cells and embryonic stem cells has raised great expectations for the successful clinical use of stem cell transplantation therapy. However, the ethical issues involved in destroying human embryos or fertilized oocytes to obtain stem cells have been a major obstacle to developing clinically useful stem cell sources, and the transplantation of stem cells isolated from other human embryonic tissues has not yet been developed for use in clinical applications. Recently, induced pluripotent stem cells, which can serve as a source of cells for autologous transplantation, have been attracting a great deal of attention as a clinically viable alternative to stem cells obtained directly from tissues. In this review, we outline the neural induction of mouse embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, their therapeutic efficacy in spinal cord injury, and their safety in vivo.

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Astrocytes Give Rise to New Neurons in the Adult Mammalian Hippocampus

Cited by 1,330 publications

References 57 publications

Homeostatic neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus does not involve amplification of Ascl1high intermediate progenitors

Homeostatic neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus does not involve amplification of Ascl1high intermediate progenitors

Extended Access to Cocaine Self-Administration Produces Long-Lasting Prefrontal Cortex-Dependent Working Memory Impairments

Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury by Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Derived from iPS/ES Cells

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