Astaxanthin as a microalgal metabolite for aquaculture: A review on the synthetic mechanisms, production techniques, and practical application

Lu, Qian; Li, Huankai; Zou, Yao; Liu, Hui; Yang, Limin

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2020.102178

Cited by 75 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Microalgae-related biotechnologies and bioproducts have been rapidly developed in recent years. Research in microalgae has previously focused on improving biomass harvesting efficiency and producing specific high-value compounds in algal cells [ 15 , 16 ]. The rapid growth of the algal bio-economy has been driven by significant advances in algal biotechnology that have turned algae into an efficient ‘cell factory’ for food production [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of microalgae biomass as a sustainable aquaculture feed ingredient: food security and circular economy

2022

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Sustainable management of natural resources is critical to food security. The shrimp feed and fishery sector is expanding rapidly, necessitating the development of alternative sustainable components. Several factors necessitate the exploration of a new source of environmentally friendly and nutrient-rich fish feed ingredients. Microalgal biomass has the potential to support the growth of fish and shrimp aquaculture for global food security in the bio-economy. Algal biorefineries must valorize the whole crop to develop a viable microalgae-based economy. Microalgae have the potential to replace fish meal and fish oil in aquaculture and ensure sustainability standards. Microalgae biomasses provide essential amino acids, valuable triglycerides such as lipids, vitamins, and pigments, making them suitable as nutritional supplements in livestock feed formulations. Fish and microalgae have similar nutritional profiles, and digestibility is a critical aspect of the aquafeed formulation. A highly digestible feed reduces production costs, feed waste, and the risk of eutrophication. Due to low input costs, low carbon footprint, wastewater treatment benefits, and carbon credits from industrial CO 2 conversion, microalgae-based fish and shrimp feeds have the potential to provide significant economic benefits. However, several challenges must be addressed before microalgal biomass and bioproducts may be used as fish feeds, including heavy metal bioaccumulation, poor algal biomass digestion, and antinutrient effects. Knowledge of biochemical composition is limited and diverse, and information on nutritional value is scattered or contradictory. This review article presents alternative approaches that could be used in aquaculture to make microalgal biomass a viable alternative to fish meal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of microalgae biomass as a sustainable aquaculture feed ingredient: food security and circular economy

2022

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“…The most important and effective stress stimuli are excess of light, nutrient starvation, temperature and pH shifts or osmotic pressure [ 17 , 18 ]. The most well-known SC is astaxanthin, a natural pigment used as colorant in food production, in cosmetics or as feed additive for aquaculture [ 19 ]. Astaxanthin has the highest antioxidant capacity of all carotenoids [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coelastrella terrestris for Adonixanthin Production: Physiological Characterization and Evaluation of Secondary Carotenoid Productivity

et al. 2022

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A novel strain of Coelastrella terrestris (Chlorophyta) was collected from red mucilage in a glacier foreland in Iceland. Its morphology showed characteristic single, ellipsoidal cells with apical wart-like wall thickenings. Physiological characterization revealed the presence of the rare keto-carotenoid adonixanthin, as well as high levels of unsaturated fatty acids of up to 85%. Initial screening experiments with different carbon sources for accelerated mixotrophic biomass growth were done. Consequently, a scale up to 1.25 L stirred photobioreactor cultivations yielded a maximum of 1.96 mg·L−1 adonixanthin in free and esterified forms. It could be shown that supplementing acetate to the medium increased the volumetric productivity after entering the nitrogen limitation phase compared to autotrophic control cultures. This study describes a promising way of biotechnological adonixanthin production using Coelastrella terrestris.

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“…Algal biomass enriched with protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids and natural pigments can be further used as feedstock of animal feed, biofuel, bio-fertilizer and organic chemicals. 3,4 Hence microalgae-based wastewater remediation can be regarded as a value-added biotechnology for sustainable development. Second, microalgae-based wastewater remediation is a process of fixing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and releasing oxygen (O 2 ), while traditional wastewater treatment technologies, including aerobic digestion and anaerobic fermentation, produce a large amount of greenhouse gases (CO 2 and CH 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, microalgae could assimilate nutrients in wastewater and synthesize high‐value biomass. Algal biomass enriched with protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids and natural pigments can be further used as feedstock of animal feed, biofuel, bio‐fertilizer and organic chemicals 3,4 . Hence microalgae‐based wastewater remediation can be regarded as a value‐added biotechnology for sustainable development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of microalgal biofilm for wastewater remediation: from mechanism to practical application

Liao

et al. 2021

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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The high cost of biomass harvesting by centrifugation and high safety risks of collected algal biomass by chemical flocculation are serious problems jeopardizing the industrial implementation of microalgae bio-products. Recently, microalgae immobilization is regarded as a promising technology with the potential of lowering biomass production cost and ensuring biomass safety in the industry. Therefore, microalgal biofilms, an effective and affordable way to immobilize algal cells, are emerging into the limelight. This paper summarizes the progress achieved in biofilm system design and biofilm formation mechanisms. Newly designed algal biofilm systems are compared to demonstrate their advantages and weaknesses. Besides, mechanisms associated with the two steps -initial attachment of microalgae and biofilm thickeningof biofilm formation are discussed in this paper. Factors such as substratum material, algal strain and operational parameters, which could impact the formation and operation of algal biofilm, are demonstrated. Efforts devoted to the industrial application of algal biofilm to treat wastewater are discussed. The biotechnology of microalgal biofilm is currently at the critical stage of developing from fundamental research to industrial implementation. Undeniably, there are still many problems that limit the wide use of algal biofilm for biomass production and wastewater treatment. In this paper, we present some potential solutions to current problems and discuss the development trends of algal biofilm in the foreseeable future. It is expected that by addressing current problems microalgal biofilm will be widely used at the industrial scale.

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Astaxanthin as a microalgal metabolite for aquaculture: A review on the synthetic mechanisms, production techniques, and practical application

Cited by 75 publications

References 111 publications

An overview of microalgae biomass as a sustainable aquaculture feed ingredient: food security and circular economy

An overview of microalgae biomass as a sustainable aquaculture feed ingredient: food security and circular economy

Coelastrella terrestris for Adonixanthin Production: Physiological Characterization and Evaluation of Secondary Carotenoid Productivity

Development of microalgal biofilm for wastewater remediation: from mechanism to practical application

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