Associative memory in artificial immune systems

Abstract

The paper concentrates on analyzing associative properties of Artificial Immune Systems, especially on immunological memory, which is a member of a class of sparse and distributed associative memories [18]. This class of memories derives its associative and robust nature by sparsely sampling the input space and distributing the data among many independent agents [16]. Immunological memory is one of the defining characteristics of the adaptive immune system [4]. This memory is able to store and recall patterns when it is required, and can easily categorize new input data [11]. Immunological memory is distributed among the cells in the AIS memory population, and is robust, because when a portion of the memory population is lost, the remaining memory cells persist to produce a response. The major principle behind vaccination procedures in medicine and immunotherapy takes its source from associative properties of immunological memory [13]. Associative recall is a general phenomenon of immunological memory [18].

Correlative analysis of embedded silicon interface passivation by Kelvin probe force microscopy and corona oxide characterization of semiconductor

“…Moreover, KPFM under illumination is a well-established method to measure surface photovoltage (SPV) and charge carrier lifetime over organic and inorganic materials [21][22] [23]. In addition, previous study reports that charge carrier lifetime measured by KPFM through SPV can be sensitive to defects even when embedded in silicon dioxide [24]. However, until now the use of KPFM under illumination to study passivation of buried interface has not been reported.…”