Associations with Vitamin D deficiency in “at risk” Australians

Brock, Kaye E.; Wilkinson, M. C.; Cook, Richard; Lee, S.; Bermingham, Margaret

doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.03.073

Cited by 38 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In the USA, African Americans, then Mexican Americans, showed more severe vitamin D deficiency compared to non-Hispanic white Americans [122]. Similar results are also found in Australia where in an elderly population, Middle Eastern, then Asian immigrants, had lower vitamin D levels compared to whiteAustralian and European Caucasians [132,133]. Finally, New Zealanders of Maori and Pacific Island origins were more vitamin D insufficient compared to European, Asian, and Indian origins [134,135].…”

Section: Genetic Traits and Cultural Behavioursupporting

confidence: 62%

“…In a cross-sectional study involving elderly living in assisted care and the community in Sydney metropolitan area, elderly people of Middle Eastern origin were found to be at fourfold risk and elderly of Vietnamese origin at threefold risk of vitamin D deficiency (defined as <25 nmol/L) compared to their counterparts of European Caucasian origin [132]. The study included recently arrived young middle-aged Chinese immigrants, of whom 28% were vitamin D deficient.…”

Section: Oceaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This global report shows that in many studies of elderly population, hospitalised, institutionalised (nursing home or residential care), housebound, and those with greater disabilities have low or lower vitamin D levels compared to healthy adults as they have limited time spent outdoors [44,46,55,58,63,124,132,138,153]. Urbanisation is also a predictor of low levels of vitamin D in Asia and the Middle East, as both men and women dwell and work most often indoors compared to rural communities [24,28,99].…”

Section: Living Condition and Outdoor Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D

Wahl²,

et al. 2009

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Section: Genetic Traits and Cultural Behavioursupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Oceaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Living Condition and Outdoor Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D

Wahl²,

et al. 2009

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“…Over the last 25 years, low vitamin D status among house bound elderly has been reported in many countries, including Australia [1]. Similar deficiencies and risks have been reported in immigrant populations [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Effects of diet and exercise on plasma vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in Vietnamese immigrant elderly in Sydney, Australia

Brock

Cant

Clemson³

et al. 2007

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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“…8,158 The elderly and housebound are also at risk, and although clinical osteomalacia is not common in this age group, its 25(OH)D 3 concentrations are frequently low. 22,140,215 Elderly people generally spend more time indoors, and aged human skin has reduced ability to produce vitamin D following exposure to ultraviolet light. 128 Food allergies are considered a possible risk factor for nutritional rickets.…”

Section: Rickets In Humans Nutritional Causesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Metabolism and Rickets in Domestic Animals

2010

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Rickets and osteomalacia are increasing in prevalence in people because of cultural practices, breast-feeding, decreased sun exposure, and increased sunscreen usage. Several hereditary forms of rickets owing to either renal phosphate wasting or defects in vitamin D metabolism are also reported in people. Rickets is well recognized in domestic animals, but published reports are not always supported by microscopic findings, and diagnoses based on clinical signs and radiology are unreliable. Most cases in domestic animals are caused by dietary deficiency of either vitamin D or phosphorus, but occasional inherited forms are reported in pigs, sheep, cats, and dogs. There is variation between species in susceptibility to dietary vitamin D and phosphorus deficiency and in the ability to manufacture vitamin D in their skin. A number of mouse models have been discovered or created to study human skeletal diseases and skeletal homeostasis. With the discovery that vitamin D is involved in not only calcium and phosphorus homeostasis but also in the immune system and cancer, there is great potential for new and existing animal models to generate valuable information about vitamin D and its many functions. This review presents an overview of vitamin D metabolism and rickets in domestic and laboratory animals and makes comparisons where appropriate with the disease in humans. Keywords bone, rickets, vitamin D, phosphorus, genetic diseasesRickets is a classic metabolic bone disease of humans and animals, first described in the first and second centuries. 158,165 With the discovery that vitamin D could prevent rickets, the prevalence of this disease in developed countries plummeted; however, it still occurs. In fact, the prevalence of rickets and vitamin D insufficiency is increasing in people of all ages in the developed world, due in part to decreased sunlight exposure and widespread sunscreen usage. 88 The disease is well recognized in animals, but published reports are uncommon and sometimes confusing.The pathogenesis of rickets involves impaired mineralization of physeal and epiphyseal cartilage during endochondral ossification and of newly formed osteoid. Most cases in domestic animals are caused by dietary deficiency of either vitamin D or phosphorus, but occasional inherited forms are reported. 109,200 Osteomalacia is caused by a failure of newly formed osteoid to mineralize, but it occurs in adults after closure of growth plates. 109In this article, we review vitamin D metabolism and rickets, with reference to the disease in domestic animals but presenting comparison with the disease in humans where appropriate. Biology of Vitamin D Activation of Vitamin DVitamin D is available from two sources: isomerization of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) in the skin to vitamin D 3 following exposure to ultraviolet light or from ingestion of vitamin D 2 or D 3 in the diet. Only a few foods, including cod liver oil and fatty fish such as salmon and sardines, naturally contain high concentrations of vitamin D 3 .49 Vitamin D 2 i...

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Associations with Vitamin D deficiency in “at risk” Australians

Cited by 38 publications

References 39 publications

Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D

Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D

Effects of diet and exercise on plasma vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in Vietnamese immigrant elderly in Sydney, Australia

Vitamin D Metabolism and Rickets in Domestic Animals

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