Effects of diet and exercise on plasma vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in Vietnamese immigrant elderly in Sydney, Australia

Serum Vitamin D, Physical Activity, and Metabolic Risk Factors in Korean Children

“…In agreement with our explanation, data from the third national health and nutrition examination survey also showed that persons age 60 yr or more could synthesize enough serum vitamin D from daily outdoor activity to maintain vitamin D levels similar to persons age 20-39 yr (40). On the other hand, the few studies considering both PA and sun exposure (7,41) reported a positive association between VPA and vitamin D independent of sun exposure. Furthermore, there is some evidence that PA has a direct effect on the metabolism of serum 25(OH)D (1,4,22,29,46).…”

Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D

“…In the USA, African Americans, then Mexican Americans, showed more severe vitamin D deficiency compared to non-Hispanic white Americans [122]. Similar results are also found in Australia where in an elderly population, Middle Eastern, then Asian immigrants, had lower vitamin D levels compared to whiteAustralian and European Caucasians [132,133]. Finally, New Zealanders of Maori and Pacific Island origins were more vitamin D insufficient compared to European, Asian, and Indian origins [134,135].…”

“…The study included recently arrived young middle-aged Chinese immigrants, of whom 28% were vitamin D deficient. In a further study evaluating 25(OH)D levels in communitydwelling elderly of Vietnamese and Australian/British origin, levels <37 nmol/L were found in 63% and 37%, respectively [133]. Data from New Zealand are similar, with evidence that vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is a growing problem.…”

Worldwide status of vitamin D nutrition

“…In a study in older people in Sydney, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l) in older persons of Middle Eastern origin was four times as high as in older persons of European descent [34]. Vitamin D deficiency also was common in older persons originating from Vietnam [35]. In Tasmania, serum 25(OH)D was lower than 40 nmol/l in 23% of people from the community compared to 34% of patients with multiple sclerosis [36].…”