Associations of short sleep duration with appetite‐regulating hormones and adipokines: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

In the current study, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to summarize and assess whether short sleep duration is associated with appetite-regulating hormones and adipokine levels. Reference databases were searched for studies related to sleep and appetite-regulating hormones and adipokines. Qualitative and quantitative syntheses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and the level of appetite-regulating hormones and adipokines, including leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, resistin, and orexin. Twenty-one of 3536 studies, covering a total of 2250 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin were included in the meta-analysis. Ghrelin levels were higher in the short sleep group (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.14, 95% CI [0.03, 0.25], p = 0.01). Significant differences between the short sleep group and recommended sleep group were also noted in leptin level experimental subgroup studies (SMD = 0.19, 95% CI [0.03, 0.35], p = 0.02) and ghrelin level cross-sectional subgroup studies (SMD = 0.14, 95% CI [0.02, 0.27], p = 0.03). A rise in leptin and ghrelin levels were also observed in sleep deprivation groups (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI [0.10, 0.39], p = 0.001 and SMD = 0.18, 95% CI [0.04, 0.33], p = 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, short sleep duration is associated with an increased ghrelin level, while sleep deprivation had a significant effect on the levels of both leptin and ghrelin.

Physical and psychological effects related to food habits and lifestyle changes derived from Covid-19 home confinement Spanish population.

“…Likewise, sleep disruption was associated with a higher BMI. In this sense, poor sleep quality seems to affect the regulation and activity of hormones related to appetite and energy expenditure such as leptin and ghrelin by affecting the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal [47].…”

“…People in most countries were under quarantine, with more or less rigor, in order to reduce the spread of the virus, which then also lessens the impact on medical resources [7]. In Spain, around 47,329,981 people suffered mobility restrictions and changes in their lifestyle during the state of alarm, from the 14th of March 2020 to the 21st of June 2020 [8].…”

Sleep disorders related to nutrition and digestive diseases: a neglected clinical condition

“…Poor sleep is related to changes in the circulating concentration of melatonin, cortisol, ghrelin, and leptin [46][47][48][49]. Other examples include daily fluctuations of glucose levels, insulin sensitivity, and postprandial response [37,50].…”

Sex Differences in the Influence of Sleep on Body Mass Index and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Adults

“…The prevalence of MetS is related to lifestyle factors, such as physical activity, diet, smoking, and drinking alcohol [5]. In particular, a large body of literature [6,7] indicates the key role of sleep in increasing the risks of MetS, showing intimate interrelatedness of sleep characteristics, such as duration, regular patterns, and overall quality, to risks of various cardiovascular diseases. Also, an increasing number of studies have provided a scientific mechanism for the link between sleep and obesity.…”

“…Sleep affects energy balance and appetite-related hormones, such as ghrelin and leptin; these, in turn, are linked to physiological metabolic function. There is strong evidence that sleep deprivation is also associated with overall adiposity [6,7].…”