Associations of Pre-Defined Dietary Patterns with Obesity Associated Phenotypes in Tehranian Adolescents

Mohseni-Takalloo, Sahar; Hosseini-Esfahani, Firoozeh; Mirmiran, Parvin; Azizi, Fereidoun

doi:10.3390/nu8080505

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“… Not specified No Modified revised children’s diet quality index (M-RCDQI), Keshani et al (2018) [ 151 ] Food & nutrient Iran 1) FFQ Based on two previous studies [ 73 , 152 ] Reflects adherence to the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans [ 140 ] and recommendations adjusted to better reflect the Iranian dietary patterns. 13 components, scored 0–90, points awarded & summed Not Specified No Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index (DGAI); Fogli-Cawley et al (2006) [ 153 ] developed in adults, Mohseni-Takalloo et al (2016) [ 154 ] used in adolescents. Food Iran 1) FFQ Reflects adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans [ 140 ] 20 components, scored 0–20, calculated reported intake/ recommended intake, points awarded and summed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet quality indices and their associations with health-related outcomes in children and adolescents: an updated systematic review

Dalwood

Marshall

Burrows

et al. 2020

Nutr J

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Background To describe a-priori diet quality indices used in children and adolescents, appraise the validity and reliability of these indices, and synthesise evidence on the relationship between diet quality and physical and mental health, and growth-related outcomes. Methods Five electronic databases were searched until January 2019. An a-priori diet quality index was included if it applied a scoring structure to rate child or adolescent (aged 0–18-years) dietary intakes relative to dietary or nutrient guidelines. Diagnostic accuracy studies and prospective cohort studies reporting health outcomes were appraised using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist. Results From 15,577 records screened, 128 unique paediatric diet quality indices were identified from 33 countries. Half of the indices’ scores rated both food and nutrient intakes (n = 65 indices). Some indices were age specific: infant (< 24-months; n = 8 indices), child (2–12-years; n = 16), adolescent (13–18 years; n = 8), and child/adolescent (n = 14). Thirty-seven indices evaluated for validity and/or reliability. Eleven of the 15 indices which investigated associations with prospective health outcomes reported significant results, such as improved IQ, quality of life, blood pressure, body composition, and prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Conclusions Research utilising diet quality indices in paediatric populations is rapidly expanding internationally. However, few indices have been evaluated for validity, reliability, or association with health outcomes. Further research is needed to determine the validity, reliability, and association with health of frequently utilised diet quality indices to ensure data generated by an index is useful, applicable, and relevant. Registration PROSPERO number: CRD42018107630.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet quality indices and their associations with health-related outcomes in children and adolescents: an updated systematic review

Dalwood

Marshall

Burrows

et al. 2020

Nutr J

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“…It was hypothesised that visceral fat is the main anatomic site for secretion of IL-6 ( 70 ) , and this inflammatory biomarker could stimulate CRP production by liver ( 71 ) . A cross-sectional study on 722 adolescents aged 10–19 years, indicated that participants in the highest quartile of healthy eating index-2010 had lower risk of central obesity than those in the lowest quartile ( 72 ) . The results of a cohort study conducted with the aim of examining the association of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and the MetS on 425 Iranian children and adolescents demonstrated higher adherence to DASH diet was associated with lower abdominal obesity ( 73 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index with anthropometric indices in children and adolescents: the weight disorder survey of the Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable Disease (CASPIAN)-IV study

et al. 2018

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This study aimed to assess the relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), a validated tool for evaluating diet-associated inflammation, and anthropometric indices in children and adolescents. This multicentre survey was conducted on 5427 school students selected via multistage cluster sampling from thirty provinces of Iran. This survey was conducted under the framework of the weight disorders survey, which is part of a national surveillance programme entitled Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable Diseases-IV. For calculating the DII scores, twenty-five dietary factors were obtained from a validated 168-item FFQ. Height, weight, wrist circumference, neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) were measured. BMIz-score, waist circumference:hip circumference ratio (WHR), waist circumference:height ratio (WHtR) and parental BMI were computed. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association of DII and anthropometric indices. Significant trends were observed across quartiles of DII score for all anthropometric indices in all participants (P<0·05), except for WHR and WHtR. After adjustment for potential confounders, the multiple linear regression analysis for each anthropometric index revealed that participants in the highest DII quartile had higher BMIz-score, WC, HC and parental BMI compared with those in the first (or lowest) quartile. In summary, we found that a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with higher BMIz-score, wrist circumference, NC, WC, HC and parental BMI. The large sample size of the present study may influence the statistical significance of observed associations. Hence, the findings should be clinically interpreted with caution.

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“…Energy-dense nutrient-poor snacks, both salty and sweet, had undesirable effects on the incidence of MetS in Iranian children and adolescents [7, 10]. The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued dietary recommendations and guidelines on nutrition to help reduce the risk of chronic diseases and promote good health [11, 12], one of which is the Healthy Diet fact sheet [8] that includes practical advices on maintaining a healthy diet; recommending a shift in fat consumption away from SFAs to un-saturated fats and limiting total fat to less than 30% of total energy intake. Also this factsheet indicates elimination of free sugars to less than 10% of total energy intake and industrial trans-fats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of dietary patterns and adherence to WHO healthy diet with metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: Tehran lipid and glucose study

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThe optimal dietary pattern for reducing the extent of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been well established yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary patterns and adherence to WHO healthy diet in children and adolescents and their associations with MetS.MethodsSubjects of this cohort study were selected from among children and adolescents of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study participants, aged 6–18 years (n = 424). Dietary measurements were collected using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. MetS was defined as the existence of at least 3 risk factors according to the Cook criteria. Diet was assessed based on dietary components of the WHO healthy diet. Dietary patterns were defined by principal component analysis.ResultsThe mean ± SD age of participants (42% boys and 57% girls) was 13.5 ± 3.7 years. The most consistency with the WHO healthy diet was observed for cholesterol, free sugar and protein consumption in both genders, and the least was for n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acid, trans-fatty acid and salt. Intake of SFA up to 12% of energy intake (third quartile) reduced the risk of MetS, compared to the first quartile. Subjects in the third quartile of n-6 poly-unsaturated fatty acid intake (6.2% of energy) showed the lowest odds ratio of MetS compared to the first quartile (OR: 0.18, CI: 0.04–0.66). In the adjusted model, the risk of MetS reduced across quartiles of MUFA intake by 60% (OR: 1, 0.40, 0.40, 0.42; P trend = 0.05). No significant trends were observed in the risk of MetS components across quartiles of the WHO healthy diet components. Three major dietary patterns were identified, the healthy, unhealthy and cereal/meat. An increased risk of MetS was observed in the highest quartile of unhealthy dietary pattern score compared to the lowest quartile (OR: 1, 0.81, 0.93, 2.49; P trend = 0.03).ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that the majority of our population did not meet some components of WHO healthy diet recommendations. The quality and quantity of fatty acid intakes were associated with risk of MetS. Adherence to unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with two-fold increase in MetS risk.

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Associations of Pre-Defined Dietary Patterns with Obesity Associated Phenotypes in Tehranian Adolescents

Cited by 15 publications

References 40 publications

Diet quality indices and their associations with health-related outcomes in children and adolescents: an updated systematic review

Diet quality indices and their associations with health-related outcomes in children and adolescents: an updated systematic review

Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index with anthropometric indices in children and adolescents: the weight disorder survey of the Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable Disease (CASPIAN)-IV study

The association of dietary patterns and adherence to WHO healthy diet with metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: Tehran lipid and glucose study

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