Associations of plant and animal protein intake with 5-year changes in blood pressure: The Zutphen Elderly Study

Tielemans, S.M.A.J.; Kromhout, Daan; Kuil, Wieke Altorf-van der; Geleijnse, Johanna M.

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2014.05.013

Cited by 36 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Vegetable proteins showed an inverse association with BP (16)(17)(18), whereas animal protein predominantly did not show any relation with BP (16,(26)(27)(28)(29). Furthermore, by increasing the serine intake, the dietary fiber significantly decreased, whereas SFA significantly increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Serine is a non-essential amino acid that is needed to some of signaling pathways and biosynthetic functions including synthesis of glycine, cysteine, tryptophan, sphingolipids, posphatidylserine, DNA and RNA components, and remethylation of homocysteine; it further acts as one of the carbon unit donors in the folate cycle (14). Although serine is one of the prominent amino acids in proteins with vegetable source (15) and plant protein has inverse relation with BP (16)(17)(18), the findings of previous cross-sectional studies suggest no relation between dietary serine intake and BP (11,13). However, a recent investigation from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) study demonstrated that higher serum concentration of serine is a strong predictor of hypertension development (19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Serine Intake and Higher Risk of Hypertension: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

et al. 2017

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A B S T R A C T Background and Objectives:Recent studies focus on vasoactive properties of protein, which is dependent to its source and amino acid composition. Our aim was to evaluate the association between dietary serine intakes and hypertension incident. Materials and Methods:We used the data of 4287 subjects aged 20-70 years, who participated in the fourth phase of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2008)(2009)(2010)(2011) and were followed up to the fifth phase (2011)(2012)(2013)(2014). At baseline, the participants were free of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Serine dietary data were collected through a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Incidence of hypertension was identified after three years of follow up. To investigate the association of serine intake and incidence of hypertension, multivariable adjusted models of logistic regression were used, and odds ratios (ORs) across quartiles of serine were reported.Results: After three years of follow up, 429 (10%) incident cases of hypertension were ascertained. The OR of the highest quartile of serine intake was 1.43 (95% CI: 1.05-1.95; P for trend: 0.03) compared to the lowest adjusted for age and sex. After further adjustment for body mass index (BMI), diabetes status, physical activity, smoking status, and dietary intake of energy, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and fiber, the OR of the highest vs. the lowest quartile of serine intake was 1.70 (95% CI: 1.18-2.44; P for trend=0.005). Conclusions:These findings suggest that dietary serine intake may be directly associated with the risk of hypertension incident.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Serine Intake and Higher Risk of Hypertension: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

et al. 2017

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“…A recent 11-year follow-up study in Australian adults showed higher risk of metabolic syndrome with higher total and animal protein, including red meat and poultry, and lower risk with higher plant protein, notably from grains, legumes, and nuts (22) . Plant, but not animal protein, was associated with favorable changes in blood pressure in a 5-year follow-up in elderly men (25) , while in a prior Framingham Offspring study, both animal and plant protein were associated with lower risk of high blood pressure (26) . Animal protein was also associated with increases in WC, SBP, and body weight across 11 years, while plant protein was associated with decreases in WC and weight (22) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A recently published study of plant and animal protein intake in elderly Dutch participants observed that those with the highest plant protein intake had average 5-year declines in systolic (−2.9 mmHg [−5.6, −0.2]) and diastolic blood pressure (−1.7 mmHg [−3.2, −0.2]), compared to those with the lowest intake, and no associations were observed for animal protein. (25) In a prior study conducted in earlier exams in a subsample of the Framingham Offspring, total protein intake derived from 3-day food records (as well as both animal and plant protein intake) was favorably associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as incident hypertension, across 11 years of follow-up. (26) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some prospective cohort studies have indicated that higher habitual protein intake increases risk of cardiometabolic endpoints, such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome (18–22) , and mortality (14,18,19) , particularly in the context of low carbohydrate intake. (23,24) Other prospective studies have found beneficial associations between protein intake and blood pressure (25,26) and risk of mortality in older adults (14,27) . Although these studies examined protein intake in relation to incident endpoints, few have examined long-term changes in cardiometabolic risk factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary protein and changes in markers of cardiometabolic health across 20 years of follow-up in middle-aged Americans

Hruby

Jacques

2018

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Dietary protein plays a role in counteracting age-related muscle loss. However, limited long-term data exist on protein intake and markers of cardiometabolic health, which tend to deteriorate with age. Design: Prospective cohort study. Food frequency questionnaire-derived protein intake (g/d) and cardiometabolic markers were assessed up to five times across 20 years. Markers included systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP), circulating lipids (total, HDL, LDL cholesterol; triglycerides), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), fasting glucose (FG), weight, and waist circumference (WC). Mixed models accounting for repeated measures were used to estimate adjusted mean annualized changes in outcomes per quartile category of protein. Setting: Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort, USA Subjects: 3,066 participants with 12,333 unique observations, baseline age [mean (SD)]: 54.0 (9.7) y, BMI: 27.4 (4.9) kg/m2, 53.5% female Results: In fully adjusted models, there were favorable associations (mean (SE)) of total protein with annualized changes in SBP (lowest vs. highest intake: 0.34 [0.06] vs. 0.04 [0.06] mmHg, P trend=0.001) and eGFR (−1.03 [0.06] vs. −0.87 [0.05] mL/min/1.73 m2, P trend=0.046), unfavorable associations with changes in FG (0.013 [0.004] vs. 0.028 [0.004] mmol/L, P trend=0.004), and no associations with weight, WC, DBP, or lipids. Animal protein was favorably associated with SBP and unfavorably with FG and WC; plant protein was favorably associated with FG and WC. Conclusions: The present study provides evidence that protein intake may influence changes in cardiometabolic health independent of change in weight in healthy adults and that protein’s role in cardiometabolic health may depend on the protein source.

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Association of Animal and Plant Protein Intake With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Japanese Cohort

Budhathoki¹,

Sawada²,

Iwasaki³

et al. 2019

JAMA Intern Med

133

151

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IMPORTANCE Epidemiological evidence regarding the long-term effects of higher dietary protein intake on mortality outcomes in the general population is not clear.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations between animal and plant protein intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis prospective cohort study included 70 696 participants in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Cohort who were aged 45 to 74 years and had no history of cancer, cerebrovascular disease, or ischemic heart disease at study baseline. Data were collected from January 1, 1995, through December 31, 1999, with follow-up completed December 31, 2016, during which 12 381 total deaths were documented. Dietary intake information was collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire and used to estimate protein intake in all participants. Participants were grouped into quintile categories based on their protein intake, expressed as a percentage of total energy. Data were analyzed from July 18, 2017, through April 10, 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESHazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for all-cause and cause-specific mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models with adjustment for potential confounding factors.RESULTS Among the 70 696 participants, 32 201 (45.5%) were men (mean [SD] age, 55.6 [7.6] years) and 38 495 (54.5%) were women (mean [SD] age, 55.8 [7.7] years). Intake of animal protein showed no clear association with total or cause-specific mortality. In contrast, intake of plant protein was associated with lower total mortality, with multivariable-adjusted HRs of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.83-0.95) for quintile 2; 0.88 (95% CI, 0.82-0.95) for quintile 3; 0.84 (95% CI, 0.77-0.92) for quintile 4; and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.78-0.96) for quintile 5, with quintile 1 as the reference category (P = .01 for trend). For cause-specific mortality, this association with plant protein intake was evident for cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality (HRs, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.73-0.96] to 0.70 [95% CI, 0.59-0.83]; P = .002 for trend). Isocaloric substitution of 3% energy from plant protein for red meat protein was associated with lower total (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.55-0.80), cancer-related (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.45-0.82), and CVD-related (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39-0.86) mortality; substitution for processed meat protein was associated with lower total (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.38-0.75) and cancer-related (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.30-0.85) mortality. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this large prospective study, higher plant protein intake was associated with lower total and CVD-related mortality. Although animal protein intake was not associated with mortality outcomes, replacement of red meat protein or processed meat protein with plant protein was associated with lower total, cancer-related, and CVD-related mortality.

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Associations of plant and animal protein intake with 5-year changes in blood pressure: The Zutphen Elderly Study

Cited by 36 publications

References 15 publications

Dietary Serine Intake and Higher Risk of Hypertension: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Dietary Serine Intake and Higher Risk of Hypertension: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Dietary protein and changes in markers of cardiometabolic health across 20 years of follow-up in middle-aged Americans

Association of Animal and Plant Protein Intake With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Japanese Cohort

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