Associations of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and fetal intrauterine development

Abstract

Dietary pattern is excellent in reflecting an individual's eating conditions. Longitudinal data on fetal growth can reflect the process of intrauterine growth. We aimed to evaluate the associations between maternal dietary patterns and intrauterine parameters in middle and late pregnancy. The present study was conducted within Jiangsu Birth Cohort (JBC) study. Dietary information was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in the second and third trimester of gestation. B-ultrasound scans were performed to obtain fetal intrauterine parameters, including head circumference (HC), femur length (FL), abdominal circumference (AC), and estimated fetal weight (EFW). Exploratory factor analysis was used to extract dietary patterns. Multiple linear regression and linear mixed-e ects model (LMM) were used to investigate the association between maternal dietary patterns and fetal growth. A total of , pregnant women were eligible for the study. We observed inverse associations of maternal "Vegetables and fish" and "Snack and less eggs" patterns during mid-pregnancy with fetal HC Z-score, respectively ("Vegetables and fish": β = − . , % CI − . , − . ; "Snack and less eggs": β = − . , % CI − . , − . ). On the contrary, "Animal internal organs, thallophyte and shellfish" pattern in the second trimester was associated with increased HC Z-scores (β = . , % CI . , . ). Consistently, score increase in "Vegetables and fish" pattern in the third trimester was inversely associated with the Z-scores of HC (β = − . , % CI − . , − . ), while "Meat and less nuts" pattern was positively correlated with the Z-scores of HC (β = . , % CI . , . ). As compared to the fetus whose mothers at the lowest tertile of "Snack and less eggs" pattern in both trimesters, those whose mothers at the highest tertile demonstrated . fold (RR = . , % CI . -. ) increased risk of small HC for gestational age (GA). No correlation was observed between maternal Frontiers in Nutrition frontiersin.org Qin et al. . /fnut. .dietary patterns and other intrauterine parameters. Our results suggested the e ects of maternal dietary patterns on fetal growth, particularly HC. These findings highlighted the adverse impact of unhealthy dietary pattern on fetal growth, might provide evidence for strategies to prevent intrauterine dysplasia and dietary guidelines during pregnancy.

Dampak Kurangnya Nutrisi Pada Ibu Hamil Terhadap Risiko Stunting Pada Bayi Yang Dilahirkan

“…Malnutrisi kehamilan dapat menyebabkan volume darah menjadi berkurang, aliran darah ke uterus dan plasenta berkurang dan transfer nutrien melalui plasenta berkurang sehingga janin pertumbuhan janin menjadi terganggu. (Qin et al, 2022) (Fite et al, 2022) Adapun faktor-faktor yang dipertimbangkan dalam meningkatkan kebutuhan gizi pada ibu hamil menurut (Kemenkes, 2017) diantaranya buruknya status gizi ibu, usia ibu yang masih sangat muda, kehamilan kembar, jarak kehamilan yang rapat, tingkat aktivitas fisik yang tinggi, Penyakit-penyakit tertentu yang menyebabkan malabsorbsi, Konsumsi rokok dan alcohol, konsumsi obat legal (antibiotik dan phenytoin) maupun obat ilegal (narkoba).…”

“…Lingkar kepala ibu dan bayi ditransmisikan ke generasi mendatang, mencirikan siklus transgenerasi gizi ibu dan ketidaksetaraan sosial. (Qin et al, 2022, Amarashinge, 2022dan Miele et al 2022. Dampak lain yang ditimbukan berupa stunting (Saha et al, 2022dan Setiawan et al, 2022…”

Polar lipid-enriched milk fat globule membrane supplementation in maternal high-fat diet promotes intestinal barrier function and modulates gut microbiota in male offspring

“…54 The maternal intrauterine environment, gut microbiota and the composition of breast milk are critical for the maturation of the intestinal barrier function and the colonization of gut microbiota in offspring. 55,56 Dendritic cells actively penetrate the epithelium, sample microorganisms from the intestinal lumen, and transport gut microbiota to the placenta at the embryonic stage. 57,58 After birth, breast milk is a source of live bacteria in the intestinal tract of pups.…”