Associations of body size and reproductive factors with circulating levels of sex hormones and prolactin in premenopausal Japanese women

Nagata, Chisato; Wada, Keiko; Nakamura, Kozue; Hayashi, Makoto; Takeda, Noriyuki; Yasuda, Keigo

doi:10.1007/s10552-011-9731-x

Cited by 27 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Regarding reproductive factors, in line with numerous previous reports, we found that prolactin levels among parous women were lower than those among nulliparous women (6,(9)(10)(11). Furthermore, the observed gradual decrease in prolactin levels with increasing number of FTP is in agreement with some studies (11, 37), but not with other studies, where the parity related decrease was only related to the first FTP (6,9,10).…”

Section: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(11) November 2014supporting

confidence: 92%

“…Recent epidemiologic data suggest that higher circulating prolactin levels are associated with increased risk of breast cancer (3)(4)(5), and several potential breast cancer risk factors have been examined in relation to circulating prolactin levels (6)(7)(8)(9), although these latter results are inconsistent. Regarding reproductive factors, it is well known that women who have experienced a full-term pregnancy (FTP) have lower levels of prolactin compared with women who have not been pregnant (6,10,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prolactin Determinants in Healthy Women: A Large Cross-Sectional Study within the EPIC Cohort

Tikk

Sookthai

Johnson

et al. 2014

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Experimental and epidemiologic data suggest that higher circulating prolactin is associated with breast cancer risk; however, how various risk factors for breast cancer influence prolactin levels in healthy women is not clear.Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional associations between several suggested reproductive and lifestyle risk factors for breast cancer and circulating prolactin among pre-and postmenopausal women, taking into account the use of current postmenopausal hormone therapy, among 2,560 controls from a breast cancer nested case-control study within the EPIC cohort.Results: Adjusted geometric mean prolactin levels were significantly higher among premenopausal women, and among postmenopausal women using hormone therapy compared with nonusers (8.2, 7.0, and 6.3 ng/mL, respectively; P cat ¼ <0.0001). Furthermore, prolactin levels were significantly higher among users of combined estrogen-progestin hormone therapy compared with users of estrogen-alone hormone therapy (6.66 vs. 5.90 ng/mL; P cat ¼ 0.001). Prolactin levels were lower among parous women compared with nulliparous women (8.61 vs. 10.95 ng/mL; P cat ¼ 0.0002, premenopausal women); the magnitude of this difference depended on the number of full-term pregnancies (22.1% lower, !3 vs. 1 pregnancy, P trend ¼ 0.01). Results for parity were similar but lower in magnitude among postmenopausal women. Prolactin did not vary by other studied factors, with the exception of lower levels among postmenopausal smokers compared with never smokers.Conclusions: Our study shows that current hormone therapy use, especially the use of combined hormone therapy, is associated with higher circulating prolactin levels in postmenopausal women, and confirms prior findings of lower circulating prolactin in parous women.Impact: Our study extends the knowledge linking various breast cancer risk factors with circulating prolactin. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(11); 2532-42. Ó2014 AACR.

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Section: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(11) November 2014supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin Determinants in Healthy Women: A Large Cross-Sectional Study within the EPIC Cohort

Tikk

Sookthai

Johnson

et al. 2014

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…However, some large studies have succeeded in detecting associations between potential breast cancer risk factors and sex hormone levels using untimed blood samples (45)(46)(47). We also confirmed some of these associations in our dataset (34,35). We cannot rule out the possibility that In conclusion, we observed an inverse association between acrylamide intake and total and free estradiol levels and a positive association between acrylamide intake and FSH levels in premenopausal Japanese women.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Because 43 women did not respond to the dietary questionnaire, remaining 393 women ages 20 to 54 years comprised the study population. These women had been previously examined for relationships among body size, reproductive factors, dietary factors, and hormone levels (34,35).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phase of the menstrual cycle at blood donation, categorized into the early-follicular (days À21 of the cycle), late-follicular (days À20 to À17), periovulatory (days À16 to À12), early-luteal (days À11 to À9), midluteal (days À8 to À4), or late-luteal (days À3 to 0) phases, was used for adjustment. In addition, age, body mass index (BMI), parity, age at first birth, breast feeding, duration of breast feeding, years of smoking, and saturated fat intake were included in the models as covariates because these factors were associated with at least one of the hormones measured in our previous studies (34,35). All the statistical analyses were performed using SAS programs (Version 9.2; SAS Institute Inc.).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of Acrylamide Intake with Circulating Levels of Sex Hormones and Prolactin in Premenopausal Japanese Women

Nagata

Konishi

Tamura

et al. 2015

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: It has been hypothesized that alteration of hormone systems is involved in the carcinogenesis of acrylamide. The aim of the present study was to examine the cross-sectional associations between dietary acrylamide intake and sex hormone levels in premenopausal Japanese women.Methods: Study subjects were 393 women who had regular menstrual cycles less than 40 days long. Acrylamide intake was assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire and was based on acrylamide concentration reported from analyses of Japanese foods. We measured the plasma concentrations of estradiol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, sex hormonebinding globulin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin.Results: After controlling for age, the phase of the menstrual cycle, and other covariates, acrylamide intake was statistically

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Women who are married or living as married have higher salivary estradiol and progesterone than unmarried women

Barrett

Tran

Thurston

et al. 2015

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives Extensive research has demonstrated that marriage and parenting are associated with lower testosterone levels in men, however, very little is known about associations with hormone concentrations in women. Two studies have found lower testosterone in relation to pair-bonding and motherhood in women, with several others suggesting that estradiol levels are lower among parous women than nulliparous women. Here, we examine estradiol and progesterone concentrations in relation to marriage and motherhood in naturally cycling, reproductive age women. Methods In 185 Norwegian women, estradiol and progesterone concentrations were assayed from waking saliva samples collected daily over the course of a menstrual cycle. Cycles were aligned on day 0, the day of ovulation. Mean periovulatory estradiol (days −7 to +6) and luteal progesterone (day +2 to +10) indices were calculated. Marital status and motherhood (including age of youngest child) were reported in baseline questionnaires. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine associations between ovarian hormones, marital status, and motherhood. Results Women who were married or living as married had higher estradiol than unmarried women (β = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.36) and higher luteal progesterone as well (β = 0.19; 95% CI: −0.01, 0.39). There were no notable differences in hormone levels in relationship to motherhood status. Conclusions Our results indicate that ovarian steroid hormones may be higher among women who are married or living as married, and suggest several possible explanations, however, additional research is needed to elucidate any causal relationships.

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Associations of body size and reproductive factors with circulating levels of sex hormones and prolactin in premenopausal Japanese women

Abstract: The data suggest that an increased risk of premenopausal breast cancer associated with low BMI is partially mediated by an increased total estradiol. Androgens and prolactin may explain the breast cancer protection provided by giving birth and breastfeeding.

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

Prolactin Determinants in Healthy Women: A Large Cross-Sectional Study within the EPIC Cohort

Prolactin Determinants in Healthy Women: A Large Cross-Sectional Study within the EPIC Cohort

Associations of Acrylamide Intake with Circulating Levels of Sex Hormones and Prolactin in Premenopausal Japanese Women

Women who are married or living as married have higher salivary estradiol and progesterone than unmarried women

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