Associations of body mass index and waist circumference with: energy intake and percentage energy from macronutrients, in a cohort of australian children

Abstract

BackgroundIt is evident from previous research that the role of dietary composition in relation to the development of childhood obesity remains inconclusive. Several studies investigating the relationship between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and/or skin fold measurements with energy intake have suggested that the macronutrient composition of the diet (protein, carbohydrate, fat) may play an important contributing role to obesity in childhood as it does in adults. This study investigated the possible relationship between BMI and WC with energy intake and percentage energy intake from macronutrients in Australian children and adolescents.MethodsHeight, weight and WC measurements, along with 24 h food and drink records (FDR) intake data were collected from 2460 boys and girls aged 5-17 years living in the state of Queensland, Australia.ResultsStatistically significant, yet weak correlations between BMI z-score and WC with total energy intake were observed in grades 1, 5 and 10, with only 55% of subjects having a physiologically plausible 24 hr FDR. Using Pearson correlations to examine the relationship between BMI and WC with energy intake and percentage macronutrient intake, no significant correlations were observed between BMI z-score or WC and percentage energy intake from protein, carbohydrate or fat. One way ANOVAs showed that although those with a higher BMI z-score or WC consumed significantly more energy than their lean counterparts.ConclusionNo evidence of an association between percentage macronutrient intake and BMI or WC was found. Evidently, more robust longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the relationship linking obesity and dietary intake.

Association between behavioural factors and BMI-for-age among early adolescents in Hulu Langat district, Selangor, Malaysia

“…These findings are in line with Elliot et al [43] and Fara Wahida et al [9] that overweight adolescents did not significantly have greater macronutrient intakes compared to their non-overweight counterparts. The findings of this study demonstrate that BMI-for-age is significantly influenced by energy intake per kilogram body weight regardless of the macronutrient and micronutrient intakes.…”

Hubungan Asupan Serat Dengan Status Gizi Dan Profil Lipid Darah Pada Orang Dewasa Dislipidemia

“…Subjek yang gemuk (obes I dan II) terdiri dari 26% laki-laki dan 74% perempuan. Obesitas terjadi karena ketidakseimbangan energi antara intake energi dan energi yang digunakan (Elliot et al 2011). Lingkar pinggang dapat digunakan sebagai indikator pengukuran distribusi lemak tubuh dan obesitas sentral (Romaguera et al 2011).…”

“…Penelitian ini sejalan dengan studi Halkjaer et al (2006) di Denmark yang menyatakan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan energi dengan lingkar pinggang. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Ledikwe et al (2006) di Amerika Serikat dan Elliot et al (2011) di Queensland menunjukkan bahwa asupan energi pada orang obes lebih besar dibandingkan orang yang status gizi normal.…”

Dietary factors associated with overweight and body adiposity in Finnish children aged 6–8 years: the PANIC Study

“…10,11 The results on the associations of energy intake and the nutrient composition of diet with overweight are controversial. [12][13][14][15][16] On the other hand, various eating patterns, such as a high consumption of low-quality food, sugar-sweetened soft drinks, snacks and sweets, and unfavourable meal patterns, such as a low number of daily meals and skipping breakfast, have been related to overweight in children. [17][18][19] Moreover, some adverse eating behaviours, such as emotional overeating and food responsiveness, have been associated with childhood overweight in recent studies.…”