Associations Between Youth Homelessness, Sexual Offenses, Sexual Victimization, and Sexual Risk Behaviors: A Systematic Literature Review

Heerde, Jessica A.; Scholes-Balog, Kirsty E.; Hemphill, Sheryl A.

doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0375-2

Cited by 91 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Other research has focused on exchange of sex (also defined in the literature as trading sex or survival sex) has primarily targeted homeless and runaway adolescents and young adults [13, 14, 18, 20, 23, 25, 26] and varying correlates identified in these populations. A number of the studies found that exchange of sex varied by sexuality with little variation identified by gender.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study focused on homeless male adolescents indicate that 15 % identified as gay [14], and Marshall et al [20] reported that 13.4 % of the street-involved youth in their study were ‘sexual minorities’. Other correlates of exchange of sex among homeless and runaway adolescents and young adults, include histories of physical and sexual abuse, drug use, and family dysfunction [13, 19, 23, 26, 27]; other findings have identified mental health (e.g., suicide attempts, depression), sharing needles for substance use, and prior history of HIV testing as correlates of exchange of sex in homeless youth [13, 19]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exchange of Sex for Drugs or Money in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Examination of Sociodemographic Factors, HIV-Related Risk, and Community Context

et al. 2016

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The goal of this research was to examine associations among sociodemographic factors, HIV risk, and community context (e.g., economic insecurity, job training, housing instability, crime victimization, and perceived community norms) in adolescents and young adults who ever exchanged sex for drugs or money. Anonymous survey data were collected using ACASIs at community venues where adolescents and young adults congregate in resource-challenged, STI prevalent, urban, US neighbor-hoods. Conventional descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact tests, and generalized estimating equations approaches were used to examine associations. Participants (1818, 95.5 % of those screened eligible) were, on average, aged 21.0 years; 42.2 % were males, and 4.6 % were transgender. Almost one-third (32.1 %) identified as gay or lesbian, 18.1 % identified as bisexual; 66.2 % were Black and 21.0 % were Hispanic; 1.3 % was ‘living on the street’. A sizeable proportion reported HIV-related risk: 16.3 % exchanged sex, 12.6 % had sex with someone they knew to be HIV-infected, 7.8 % had sex with someone who injected drugs, and 1.3 % injected drugs. Multivariate comparisons identified a number of variables (e.g., being male or transgender, homelessness, sex with a partner who has HIV, STI history, unemployment, job training access, housing instability, crime victimization, perceived community norms) that were significantly associated with exchange of sex (p < 0.05). This research contributes to the knowledge-base regarding exchange of sex among adolescents and young adults, particularly as it relates to community context. Longitudinal studies to describe the trajectory of social, health, and physical risks and consequences are needed for development of effective evidence-based prevention strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exchange of Sex for Drugs or Money in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Examination of Sociodemographic Factors, HIV-Related Risk, and Community Context

et al. 2016

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“…There is also evidence that disadvantage, particularly life on the streets, is associated with youth engaging in more risky behavior (e.g. Gruber 2009;Cobb-Clark et al 2012;Omura et al 2014;Heerde et al 2015), which may increase contact with police. Not surprisingly, the homeless are dramatically over-represented in the prison population (Greenberg and Rosenheck 2008).…”

Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While some find that sexual victimization is associated with running away earlier, others find the opposite. See Heerde et al (2015) for a review.…”

Section: The Mediating Effects Education Incarceration and Welfare Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood homelessness and adult employment: the role of education, incarceration, and welfare receipt

Cobb‐Clark

Zhu

2017

J Popul Econ

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NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARYPeople who become homeless as a child are more likely to have lower employment rates in adulthood than those who become homeless later. Our research, using the Journey's Home survey, found by the time they are adults, those who are first homeless after the age of 15 years have an employment rate of 24%. But those who become homeless at or before the age of 15 have an employment rate of just 10%.Interestingly, those who first become homeless during the teenage years of 15 and 16 years have the worst outcomes. Homeless children and adolescents tend to have very different life paths from those who become homeless later. We also found differences by gender.For women, those who become homeless as a child are more likely to drop out of high school than those who become homeless later in life. In fact, nearly half of the employment gap between those who were homeless in childhood versus later in life is related to dropping out of high school. It is the most important factor -and a potential milestone in the path from childhood homelessness to unemployment (or being out of the labour force) in adulthood. Welfare receipt in general and specifically for mental illness-related disability payments also account for a large percentage of the employment gap.For men, dropping out of high school also plays an important role in accounting for the employment gap between those who were homeless in childhood versus later in life. Incarceration between the ages of 17 and 20 years old (inclusive) also plays a role, albeit a smaller one. However, unlike for women, welfare receipt matters little in explaining the employment gap. It's likely this gendered difference in the results is related to the strong relationship between child bearing and welfare receipt. This non-technical summary is based on a piece published in The Conversation. Find the full story here: https://theconversation.com/childhood-homelessness-makes-for-adult-unemployment-study-48887ABOUT THE AUTHORS Deborah Cobb-Clark's research agenda centres on the effect of social policy on labour market outcomes including immigration, sexual and racial harassment, health, old-age support, education and youth transitions. In particular, she is currently leading the innovative Youth in Focus Project which is analysing the pathways through which social and economic disadvantage is transmitted from parents to children in Australia. Email: d.cobbclark@unimelb.edu.au. Anna Zhu AbstractThis paper analyzes children's long-term consequences of experiencing homelessness. Our primary goal is to assess the importance of the potential pathways linking childhood homelessness to adult employment. We use novel panel data that link survey and administrative data for a sample of disadvantaged adults who are homeless or at risk of homelessness. We find that those experiencing homelessness for the first time as children are less likely to be employed than those who were never homeless as a child. For women, this relationship is largely explained by the lower educational attainme...

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“…Özellikle, cinsel davranışlar (Gonzalez-Blanks ve Yates, 2016;Heerde, Scholes-Balog ve Hemphill, 2015;Lalor ve McElvaney, 2010), intihar (Devries vd., 2014;Soylu ve Alpaslan, 2013), evden kaçma (Heerde vd., 2015), sigara kullanımı (Sartor vd., 2013), alkol ve madde kullanımı (Bergen, Martin, Richardson, Allison ve Roeger, 2004;Gidycz vd., 1995;Sartor vd., 2013) Cİ için risk faktörleri olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Gonzalez-Blanks ve Yates (2016) cinsel istismarın ve devlet yurdunda yaşamanın ergenlerin cinsel riskli davranışlar sergilemeleri ile ilişkili olduğunu ve ergenlerin dissosiyatif belirtilerinin cinsel istismar ve riskli davranışlar arasındaki ilişkiyi güçlendirdiğini belirlemişlerdir.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

The Risky Behaviours of the Adolescents Exposed to Sexual Revictimization and One-Time Sexual Abuse

Koçtürk¹,

Bilge

2018

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Associations Between Youth Homelessness, Sexual Offenses, Sexual Victimization, and Sexual Risk Behaviors: A Systematic Literature Review

Cited by 91 publications

References 73 publications

Exchange of Sex for Drugs or Money in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Examination of Sociodemographic Factors, HIV-Related Risk, and Community Context

Exchange of Sex for Drugs or Money in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Examination of Sociodemographic Factors, HIV-Related Risk, and Community Context

Childhood homelessness and adult employment: the role of education, incarceration, and welfare receipt

The Risky Behaviours of the Adolescents Exposed to Sexual Revictimization and One-Time Sexual Abuse

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