Associations between sexual stigma, enacted HIV stigma, internalized HIV stigma and homonegativity, and depression: testing an extended minority stress model among men who have sex with men living with HIV in India

Chakrapani, Venkatesan; Kershaw, Trace; Kaur, Jasvir; Shunmugam, Murali; Nelson, Ruban; Vijin, Pandara Purayil; Rajan, Magesh; Subramanian, Thilakavathi

doi:10.1080/09540121.2022.2119467

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 36 publications

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“… 12 – 14 The same has been found true for MSMLH in India, who face intersecting stigmas based on sexual orientation (MSM stigma) and HIV status. 15 – 17 However, further exploration is necessary to broaden awareness of how multiple stigmas faced by MSM influence HIV treatment engagement within the Indian context. Using Intersectionality Theory and the Health Stigma and Discrimination framework, we hoped to further understand and explain how multiple discrete identities may impact HIV care engagement for this population within the Indian cultural context.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways Between Intersectional Stigma and HIV Treatment Engagement Among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in India

Bhutada,

Chakrapani,

Gulfam

et al. 2023

J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care

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In India and other low-and-middle-income countries, little is known about how intersectional stigma affects MSM engagement in ART. Informed by the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework, we qualitatively examined how multiple stigmas influence ART engagement among Indian MSM. We conducted 3 focus groups (N = 22) with MSM living with HIV, aged 21–58 years, in Delhi and Hyderabad to identify potential intervention targets and solutions to improve treatment outcomes. Framework analysis and techniques were used to code and analyze translated audio-recordings. Findings revealed enacted stigma, associated with HIV and MSM identity, manifested as familial shame and healthcare discrimination, inhibiting access to support, and decreasing HIV care engagement. Anticipated stigma led to worry about disclosure and societal repercussions. Community-Based-Organizations, ART centers, and family members were primary sources of support, leading to increased ART initiation and retention. Potential solutions included using MSM peer-counselors, increasing social support, and providing HIV education to the general community.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways Between Intersectional Stigma and HIV Treatment Engagement Among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in India

Bhutada,

Chakrapani,

Gulfam

et al. 2023

J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care

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Associations Between Internalized and Anticipated HIV Stigma and Depression Symptoms Among People Living with HIV in China: A four-wave Longitudinal Model

et al. 2023

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Group Intervention Program to Facilitate Post-Traumatic Growth and Reduce Stigma in HIV

Tomaz Santos,

Ramos,

de Almeida

et al. 2024

Healthcare

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Background: Research on post-traumatic growth (PTG) and HIV is scarce and the relationship between PTG and stigma is controversial. Group psychotherapeutic interventions to facilitate PTG in clinical samples are effective but none exist to simultaneously decrease stigma in the HIV population. The main objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention in increasing PTG and decreasing stigma in HIV, as well as to explore relationships between the variables. Methods: Quasi-experimental design with a sample of 42 HIV-positive adults (M = 46.26, SD = 11.90). The experimental group (EG) was subjected to a 9-week group intervention. Instruments: CBI, PTGI-X, PSS-10, HIV stigma, emotional expression, HIV stress indicators, HIV literacy, and skills. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the variables. Results: There was an increase in PTG and a significant decrease in stigma in all domains and subscales in the EG. Compared to the control group, stigma (t(42) = −3.040, p = 0.004) and negative self-image (W = −2.937, p = 0.003) were significant, showing the efficacy of the intervention. Discussion: The intervention demonstrated success in facilitating PTG, attesting that in order to increase PTG, personal strength, and spiritual change, it is necessary to reduce stigma and negative self-image. The research provides more information on group interventions for PTG in HIV, relationships between variables, and population-specific knowledge for professionals.

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Associations between sexual stigma, enacted HIV stigma, internalized HIV stigma and homonegativity, and depression: testing an extended minority stress model among men who have sex with men living with HIV in India

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Pathways Between Intersectional Stigma and HIV Treatment Engagement Among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in India

Pathways Between Intersectional Stigma and HIV Treatment Engagement Among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in India

Associations Between Internalized and Anticipated HIV Stigma and Depression Symptoms Among People Living with HIV in China: A four-wave Longitudinal Model

Group Intervention Program to Facilitate Post-Traumatic Growth and Reduce Stigma in HIV

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