Associations between Serum Saturated Fatty Acids Content and Mortality in Dialysis Patients

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular mortality in dialysis population remains very high. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) contribute to atherosclerosis and to cardiovascular risk. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between mortality in dialysis patients and the serum SFA content. Methods: Survival of 54 patients on dialysis was assessed. A total of 21 SFA from patients’ sera were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaire FFQ-6. The SFA content is presented as fatty acid proportion (%). Results: During the observation time (median 66 months) 22 patients died. There was a significant relationship between elevated SFA (above SFA mean) and mortality (log-rank 3.13; p = 0.0017). Moreover, patients who ingested foods rich in SFA, according to FFQ-6, had a higher mortality risk (log-rank 2.24; p = 0.03). The hazard ratio for mortality associated with increased SFA content equalled 4.47 (1.63–12.26). Addition of age and inflammation (hsCRP > 5 mg/L) into the Cox model did not modify this relationship. However, SFA content turned out to be significantly higher in patients with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, as compared to patients free from these co-morbidities. Their addition to the model attenuated the relationship between SFA and mortality, making it statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The serum content of SFA turned out to be a strong predictor of mortality in dialysis patients. However, given the significant associations between SFA, DM, and CVD, interventional studies with controlled SFA intake are needed to evaluate the causal links between SFA, co-morbidities and survival.

Adipose tissue metabolic changes in chronic kidney disease

“…Furthermore, serum and plasma metabolic profiling of CKD patient cohorts have shown increased lipolysis markers and circulating FFAs [20][21][22] . In end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis, high circulating FFAs levels are associated with increased mortality [23] . In vitro studies have corroborated that adipocyte exposure to serum of CKD patients leads to a shift in lipid metabolism, with increased lipolysis and lipogenesis inhibition [24] in both human [25] and mouse [24,26] adipocytes.…”

Quality assessment of flax advanced breeding lines varying in seed coat color and their potential use in the food and industrial applications

“…A Diet rich in saturated fatty acid (SFA) is a suspected contributor to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) because of an effect to increase in serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations. In contrast, monounsaturated fatty acids and some polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from vegetable oil, especially oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid, are necessary for overall health by improving neurologic and cardiovascular health and reduction of inflammation [ 3 , 4 ]. In addition to the type and amount of essential fatty acids, the ideal fatty acid ratio in oilseeds is crucial.…”