Adipose tissue metabolic changes in chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Adipose tissue is a complex organ whose functions go beyond being an energy reservoir to sustain proper body energy homeostasis. Functioning as an endocrine organ, the adipose tissue has an active role in the body’s metabolic balance regulation through several secreted factors generally termed as adipokines. Thus, adipose tissue dysregulation in chronic kidney disease (CKD) can have a deep impact in the pathophysiology of diseases associated with metabolic dysregulation including metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance (IR), atherosclerosis, and even cachexia. CKD is a progressive disorder linked to increased morbidity and mortality. Despite being characterized by renal function loss, CKD is accompanied by metabolic disturbances such as dyslipidemia, protein energy wasting, chronic low-grade inflammation, IR, and lipid redistribution. Thus far, the mechanisms by which these changes occur and the role of adipose tissue in CKD development and progression are unclear. Further understanding of how these factors develop could have implications for the management of CKD by helping identify pharmacological targets to improve CKD outcomes.

Prevalence and metabolic risk factors of chronic kidney disease among a Mexican adult population: a cross-sectional study in primary healthcare medical units

“…One proposed pathophysiological mechanism involves the potential widespread and accelerated formation of atherosclerotic plaques due to hyperlipidemia, uremic toxins, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction ( Bulbul et al, 2018 ). These comorbidities are often associated with overweight and obesity, further increasing the risk of CVD morbidity and mortality ( Serrano, Shenoy & Cantarin, 2023 ).…”

JAK-STAT pathway activation compromises nephrocyte function in aDrosophilahigh-fat diet model of chronic kidney disease

“…The gradual loss of kidney function results in excess fluid and buildup of metabolic waste compounds. Clinical symptoms include atherosclerosis, chronic inflammation, malnutrition, and insulin resistance among other metabolic imbalances (Serrano et al, 2023). Altogether these lead to increased morbidity and mortality associated with chronic kidney failure (GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration, 2020).…”

Effects of Dietary Intervention on Nutritional Status in Elderly Individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease

“…Interestingly, IR is a common and very early alteration in elderly CKD patients, having the potential to power up a vicious cycle of impaired muscle function and PEW contributing to the progression of CKD, worsening morbidity and mortality [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Therefore, the overlap of body composition changes associated with CKD and aging, metabolic abnormalities, inflammation, IR, and malnutrition represents a very important aspect of the comprehensive management of elderly patients with CKD.…”