Associations between sedentary time, physical activity and bone health among older people using compositional data analysis

Abstract

IntroductionAging is associated with a progressive decrease in bone mass (BM), and being physical active is one of the main strategies to combat this continuous loss. Nonetheless, because daily time is limited, time spent on each movement behavior is co-dependent. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between BM and movement behaviors in elderly people using compositional data analysis.MethodsWe analyzed 871 older people [395 men (76.9±5.3y) and 476 women (76.7±4.7y)]. Time spent in sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), was assessed using accelerometry. BM was determined by bone densitometry (DXA). The sample was divided according to sex and bone health indicators.ResultsThe combined effect of all movement behaviors (PA and SB) was significantly associated with whole body, leg and femoral region BM in the whole sample (p≤0.05), with leg and pelvic BM (p<0.05) in men and, with whole body, arm and leg BM (p<0.05) in women. In men, arm and pelvic BM were negatively associated with SB and whole body, pelvic and leg BM were positively associated with MVPA (p≤0.05). In women, whole body and leg BM were positively associated with SB. Arm and whole body BM were positively associated and leg BM was negatively associated with LPA and arm BM was negatively associated with MVPA (p≤0.05). Women without bone fractures spent less time in SB and more in LPA and MVPA than the subgroup with bone fractures.ConclusionWe identified that the positive effect of MVPA relative to the other behaviors on bone mass is the strongest overall effect in men. Furthermore, women might decrease bone fracture risk through PA increase and SB reduction, despite the fact that no clear benefits of PA for bone mass were found.

Associations between Physical Fitness, Bone Mass, and Structure in Older People

“…Bone variables measured by DXA showed a significant association between femoral neck and Ward's triangle aBMD with agility; however, no significant results were found when applying the linear regressions, which suggest that in males, physical fitness does not influence aBMD variables after accounting for age, height, and lean mass. Results suggest that bone in male elders may have changes in structure not affecting the aBMD [25], which probably occurs due to the physical activities in which they were involved [26]. This fact is of great relevance, due to DXA measurements may mask positive changes on bone parameters in this specific gender, and therefore, it may lead to inappropriate decisions in the exercise programs prescribed for the elderly men.…”

Nature Relatedness of Recreational Horseback Riders and Its Association with Mood and Wellbeing

“…Health promotion by means of increased physical activity is maybe the most promising strategy to counteract age-related decreased quality of life. Not only cardiorespiratory fitness [1,2], physical functioning [1,3], bone health [4] and balance [5], but also wellbeing in general [6] can be affected by regular activities or resistance training even at an older age. In particular, movement attributable to horseback riding is associated with positive physical and mental improvements such as muscle strengthening [7,8], trunk stabilization [9] and mental wellbeing [10], both in children and adults.…”

A Novel Approach to Reduce Sedentary Behaviour in Care Home Residents: The GET READY Study Utilising Service-Learning and Co-Creation

“…A typical day for a care home resident will be made up of a sequence of periods of SB, light-intensity PA (LIPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) [12,13]. Care home residents spend on average 79% of their day sedentary, 20% in LIPA, and 1% in MVPA [14].…”