Associations between fecal short-chain fatty acids, plasma inflammatory cytokines, and dietary markers with depression and anxiety: Post hoc analysis of the ENGAGE-2 pilot trial

Burton, Tristesse; Lv, Nan; Tsai, Perry; Bernabé, Beatriz Peñalver; Tussing‐Humphreys, Lisa; Xiao, Lan; Pandey, Ghanshyam N.; Wu, Yichao; Ajilore, Olusola; Ma, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.01.018

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…In this way, Zheng et al [ 84 ] demonstrated that bacterial acetate production increased synaptophysin (SYP) in the hippocampus as well as learning and memory impairments level, improving cognitive decline in mice. In addition, Burton et al [ 85 ] showed in clinical trials that SCFA increases are correlated with decreases of depressive and anxiety symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Potential of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 as Promising Psychobiotics Using SHIME

et al. 2023

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Psychobiotics are probiotics that have the characteristics of modulating central nervous system (CNS) functions or reconciled actions by the gut–brain axis (GBA) through neural, humoral and metabolic pathways to improve gastrointestinal activity as well as anxiolytic and even antidepressant abilities. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 on the gut microbiota of mildly anxious adults using SHIME®. The protocol included a one-week control period and two weeks of treatment with L. helveticus R0052 and B. longum R0175. Ammonia (NH4+), short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), cytokines and microbiota composition were determined. Probiotic strains decreased significantly throughout the gastric phase. The highest survival rates were exhibited by L. helveticus R0052 (81.58%; 77.22%) after the gastric and intestinal phase when compared to B. longum (68.80%; 64.64%). At the genus level, a taxonomic assignment performed in the ascending colon in the SHIME® model showed that probiotics (7 and 14 days) significantly (p < 0.005) increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Olsenella and significantly decreased Lachnospira and Escheria-Shigella. The probiotic treatment (7 and 14 days) decreased (p < 0.001) NH4+ production when compared to the control period. For SCFAs, we observed after probiotic treatment (14 days) an increase (p < 0.001) in acetic acid production and total SCFAs when compared to the control period. Probiotic treatment increased (p < 0.001) the secretion of anti-inflammatory (IL-6 and IL-10) and decreased (p < 0.001) pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha) when compared to the control period. The gut–brain axis plays an important role in the gut microbiota, producing SCFAs and GABA, stimulating the production of anti-anxiety homeostasis. The signature of the microbiota in anxiety disorders provides a promising direction for the prevention of mental illness and opens a new perspective for using the psychobiotic as a main actor of therapeutic targets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Potential of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 as Promising Psychobiotics Using SHIME

et al. 2023

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“…Plasma metabolites were increasingly investigated as potential biomarkers in psychiatry, offering a way to objectively measure the biochemical changes underlying mental disorders. Recent studies have suggested that certain plasma metabolites may be involved in psychiatric conditions such as depression [ 44 ], anxiety [ 45 ], bipolar disorder [ 46 ], and schizophrenia [ 47 ]. These metabolites can be used both in the early identification of psychiatric disorders and in monitoring the effectiveness of treatments, allowing for the personalized therapy of each patient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Lipidomics in Psychiatry: Plasma-Based Potential Biomarkers in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

et al. 2023

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In this study, we obtained a lipidomic profile of plasma samples from drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) in comparison to healthy controls. The sample cohort consisted of 30 BD and 30 SZ patients and 30 control individuals. An untargeted lipidomics strategy using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry was employed to obtain the lipid profiles. Data were preprocessed, then univariate (t-test) and multivariate (principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis) statistical tools were applied to select differential lipids, which were putatively identified. Afterward, multivariate receiver operating characteristic tests were performed, and metabolic pathway networks were constructed, considering the differential lipids. Our results demonstrate alterations in distinct lipid pathways, especially in glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and glycerolipids, between SZ and BD patients. The results obtained in this study may serve as a basis for differential diagnosis, which is crucial for effective treatment and improving the quality of life of patients with psychotic disorders.

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“… 3 , 4 Patients suffering from clinical depression exhibit significantly elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL‐6, IL‐1β and TNF‐α. 5 Consistent with these changes, rodent models of depression established through chronic unpredictable mild stress or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure exhibit significant increases in the levels of these inflammatory mediators. 6 , 7 Such neuroinflammation is characterized by the activation of resident immune effector cells within the central nervous system (CNS), including the microglia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Neuroinflammatory processes are increasingly thought to contribute to the incidence and progression of depressive disorders 3,4 . Patients suffering from clinical depression exhibit significantly elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL‐6, IL‐1β and TNF‐α 5 . Consistent with these changes, rodent models of depression established through chronic unpredictable mild stress or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure exhibit significant increases in the levels of these inflammatory mediators 6,7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engeletin alleviates depressive‐like behaviours by modulating microglial polarization via the LCN2/CXCL10 signalling pathway

Zhang,

Song,

Huo

et al. 2024

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Microglial polarization and associated inflammatory activity are the key mediators of depression pathogenesis. The natural Smilax glabra rhizomilax derivative engeletin has been reported to exhibit robust anti‐inflammatory activity, but no studies to date have examined the mechanisms through which it can treat depressive symptoms. We showed that treatment for 21 days with engeletin significantly alleviated depressive‐like behaviours in chronic stress social defeat stress (CSDS) model mice. T1‐weighted imaging (T1WI), T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) imaging revealed no significant differences between groups, but the bilateral prefrontal cortex of CSDS mice exhibited significant increases in apparent diffusion coefficient and T2 values relative to normal control mice, with a corresponding reduction in fractional anisotropy, while engeletin reversed all of these changes. CSDS resulted in higher levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐a production, enhanced microglial activation, and greater M1 polarization with a concomitant decrease in M2 polarization in the mPFC, whereas engeletin treatment effectively abrogated these CSDS‐related pathological changes. Engeletin was further found to suppress the LCN2/C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) signalling axis such that adeno‐associated virus‐induced LCN2 overexpression ablated the antidepressant effects of engeletin and reversed its beneficial effects on the M1/M2 polarization of microglia. In conclusion, engeletin can alleviate CSDS‐induced depressive‐like behaviours by regulating the LCN2/CXCL10 pathway and thereby altering the polarization of microglia. These data suggest that the antidepressant effects of engeletin are correlated with the polarization of microglia, highlighting a potential avenue for future design of antidepressant strategies that specifically target the microglia.

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Associations between fecal short-chain fatty acids, plasma inflammatory cytokines, and dietary markers with depression and anxiety: Post hoc analysis of the ENGAGE-2 pilot trial

Cited by 7 publications

References 70 publications

Exploring the Potential of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 as Promising Psychobiotics Using SHIME

Exploring the Potential of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 as Promising Psychobiotics Using SHIME

Application of Lipidomics in Psychiatry: Plasma-Based Potential Biomarkers in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Engeletin alleviates depressive‐like behaviours by modulating microglial polarization via the LCN2/CXCL10 signalling pathway

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