Associations between endocrine disrupting chemicals and equine metabolic syndrome phenotypes

Durward‐Akhurst, S. A.; Schultz, Nichol; Norton, Elaine; Besselink, Harrie; Behnisch, Peter A.; Brouwer, Abraham; Geor, Raymond J.; Mickelson, James R.; McCue, Molly E.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.136

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In the present study, any acute poisoning sign was not observed at the detected concentrations of POPs in hair samples. Durward-Akhurst et al (2019) investigated the relationship between endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC), including PAHs, and equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). Plasma samples were collected from 301 horses, and EDC activity via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor was determined in plasma samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental organic pollutants in hair samples from sport horses

Yavuz

Arslan²,

Tokur

et al. 2022

Equine Veterinary Education

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Background: Previous studies have shown high levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and their risks in humans and domestic animals, especially in cats and dogs. However, studies regarding the levels of POPs in horses are limited. Objectives: To study the concentration of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organophosphate pesticides (OPs) in hair samples collected from 52 sport horses in Turkey and to investigate the possible relationship among current exposure situation, age and gender of horses. Study design: Original article. Methods: Hair samples were collected from 52 sport horses which were divided into three groups according to age: Group I: < 5 years (n = 17), Group II: 5-10 years (n = 16) and Group III: >10 years (n = 19). In addition to age, the samples were also analysed by location and gender. Thirty environmental pollutants (2 OPs, 7 OCPs, 15 PCBs and 6 PAHs) were analysed using a sensitive GC-MS method. Results: All samples contained a minimum of one pollutant, and 23 of the 30 measured pollutants were identified in at least one sample. Number of positive samples and concentrations of POPs were higher in Group 2 and Group 3 than Group I (p < 0.05). Females and males presented similar results. In terms of location, concentrations of almost all chemicals were higher in Sanliurfa than Ankara (p < 0.05). Main limitations: Feed, drinking water and the other related environmental samples were not analysed to evaluate the relationship between those sources and POPs levels in hair samples collected from sport horses. Conclusions: The concentration of POPs in the hair and other tissues of sports horses should be monitored periodically. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate levels of the POPs in hair samples from sport horses in Turkey. Clinical relevance• The presence of POPs in animals could be a causative factor in a variety of diseases, including cancer, metabolic disorders, immune suppression, growth failures, cardiovascular diseases and congenital abnormalities, even at very low concentrations.• In the present study, the levels of POPs in horse hair were generally higher than previous studies conducted in humans and other animals. These findings may indicate the extent of environmental contamination as well as the importance of POPs as an external factor responsible for health problems in sport horses.• In the future, determining any relationships between the levels of POPs in biological fluids and race performance of sport horses could be worthwhile.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental organic pollutants in hair samples from sport horses

Yavuz

Arslan²,

Tokur

et al. 2022

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…Detection in doping control laboratories has been based mainly on the testosterone/epitestosterone ratio (T/E) >4 in urine and the presence of other metabolites [28,29]. Nevertheless, in recent years it has been shown that in people who have a genetic deletion of the UGT2B17 gene, which modifies glucuronidation, commonly present a T/E <2, it could allow them to use micro dose steroids and avoid detection [28,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioanalytical Detection of Steroid Abuse in Sports Based on the Androgenic Activity Measurement

Martín‐Escudero

Muñoz‐Guerra²,

García-Tenorio³

et al. 2021

Chemosensors

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The anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are the most frequently consumed performance enhancing drugs (PED) in sports. In the anti-doping field, the detection of AAS is carried out by the analysis of the athlete’s urine using methodologies based on liquid/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Unfortunately, the detection of unknown compounds is not possible. BDS’s AR CALUX® bio detection technology was studied as an indirect method to detect the administration of a single dose of testosterone (T). Twelve T and placebo single dose administered men volunteers underwent a triple-blind crossover clinical trial. The UGT2B17 deletion was present among the volunteers and evenly distributed in heterozygous (ins/del), wild-type homozygous (ins/ins), and mutated homozygous (del/del) groups. A significant statistical difference in terms of bioluminescence was observed after the testosterone (T) administration for the three types of polymorphic groups. The ratio of means between the pre- and post-T administration periods, depending on the type of polymorphism, was in group ins/ins 3.31 (CI. 95%: 2.07–5.29), group ins/del 4.15 (CI 95%: 3.05–5.67), and group del/del 2.89 (CI 95%: 2.42–3.46). The results of the study are very promising, as they may offer us the possibility of designing a detection approach that, based on intra-individual monitoring of androgenic values, in the UGT2B17 deletion type.

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“…Fixed and Random EffectsAge and sex were included in our model as fixed effects based on epidemiological studies which identified both as risk factors for EMS [55,56]. Season [57,58], diet [3,59], exercise [59,60], and endocrine-disrupting chemicals [61] have also been identified as environmental risk factors for EMS, but a large percentage of environmental variation has yet to be explained [9]. Further, several studies have produced conflicting findings as to the effect of season on EMS biochemical measurements [62,63], as well as the long-term effect of high non-structural carbohydrate diets on insulin sensitivity [64,65].…”

Section: Appendix A1 Welsh Pony Population Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Association Analyses of Equine Metabolic Syndrome Phenotypes in Welsh Ponies and Morgan Horses

Norton

Schultz

Geor

et al. 2019

Genes

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Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is a complex trait for which few genetic studies have been published. Our study objectives were to perform within breed genome-wide association analyses (GWA) to identify associated loci in two high-risk breeds, coupled with meta-analysis to identify shared and unique loci between breeds. GWA for 12 EMS traits identified 303 and 142 associated genomic regions in 264 Welsh ponies and 286 Morgan horses, respectively. Meta-analysis demonstrated that 65 GWA regions were shared across breeds. Region boundaries were defined based on a fixed-size or the breakdown of linkage disequilibrium, and prioritized if they were: shared between breeds or across traits (high priority), identified in a single GWA cohort (medium priority), or shared across traits with no SNPs reaching genome-wide significance (low priority), resulting in 56 high, 26 medium, and seven low priority regions including 1853 candidate genes in the Welsh ponies; and 39 high, eight medium, and nine low priority regions including 1167 candidate genes in the Morgans. The prioritized regions contained protein-coding genes which were functionally enriched for pathways associated with inflammation, glucose metabolism, or lipid metabolism. These data demonstrate that EMS is a polygenic trait with breed-specific risk alleles as well as those shared across breeds.

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Associations between endocrine disrupting chemicals and equine metabolic syndrome phenotypes

Cited by 11 publications

References 61 publications

Environmental organic pollutants in hair samples from sport horses

Environmental organic pollutants in hair samples from sport horses

Bioanalytical Detection of Steroid Abuse in Sports Based on the Androgenic Activity Measurement

Genome-Wide Association Analyses of Equine Metabolic Syndrome Phenotypes in Welsh Ponies and Morgan Horses

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