Associations between Apolipoprotein E Genotype, Diet, Body Mass Index, and Serum Lipids in Lithuanian Adult Population

Abstract

BackgroundApolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism is associated with lipid levels. Some studies have reported that blood lipid response to diet or obesity varies depending on APOE genotypes. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of APOE genotypes, the intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA), and obesity on serum lipid levels in Lithuanian adult population.Methodology/Principal FindingsA cross-sectional health survey was carried out in five municipalities of Lithuania. The random sample was obtained from lists of 25–64 year-old inhabitants registered at primary health care centres. The data from 996 subjects (416 men and 580 women) were analysed in this study. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs429358 and rs7412) were assessed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. 24-hour recall and food frequency questionnaire were used for evaluation of dietary habits. Serum lipids were determined using enzymatic methods.Men and women with the APOE2 genotype had the lowest level of total cholesterol (TC) (p = 0.002 for men, and p = 0.02 for women) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p<0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that age, genotype APOE2, SFA intake, and body mass index (BMI) were significant determinants of TC and LDL-C level (with p values ranging from 0.043 to 0.001). Our data did not reveal any statistically significant interactions between APOE genotype and SFA intake or between APOE genotype and BMI regarding TC and LDL-C level (all p>0.05). However, the predictive power of the regression model for LDL-C improved when gene-BMI interaction and gene-BMI interaction plus gene-nutrient interaction were added (p = 0.04 and p = 0.032 for R2 change, respectively).Conclusions/Significance APOE genotypes, SFA intake, and obesity were found to be associated with blood lipid levels in Lithuanian adult population. Analysis of gene-diet and gene-obesity interactions did not confirm that the effects of diet and obesity on TC and LDL-C level significantly depended on APOE genotype.

Association of the ApoE gene polymorphism and dietary factors with cerebral infarction and circulating lipid concentrations

“…Research data showed that the ApoE polymorphism had a highly significant impact on lipid concentrations (Petkeviciene et al, 2012;Rudkowska et al, 2013). However, environmental factors, including living conditions, diet, and living habits, were also shown to affect blood lipid levels and cerebral infarction (CI) (Egert et al, 2012;Petkeviciene et al, 2012;Rudkowska et al, 2013). Therefore, this study focused on the relationship between the ApoE gene polymorphism and dietary factors in the association with plasma lipid concentrations.…”

“…In recent years, as the development of molecular biology and genetic engineering technologies has progressed, studies have demonstrated a close association between the ApoE gene polymorphism and serum lipid levels (Shin et al, 2014;Yin et al, 2014;Zhu et al, 2014). It has also been found that dietary factors had some impact on blood lipids, and that this effect could be modified by receptor lipoprotein metabolism (Petkeviciene et al, 2012;Rudkowska et al, 2013). Research data showed that the ApoE polymorphism had a highly significant impact on lipid concentrations (Petkeviciene et al, 2012;Rudkowska et al, 2013).…”

“…It has also been found that dietary factors had some impact on blood lipids, and that this effect could be modified by receptor lipoprotein metabolism (Petkeviciene et al, 2012;Rudkowska et al, 2013). Research data showed that the ApoE polymorphism had a highly significant impact on lipid concentrations (Petkeviciene et al, 2012;Rudkowska et al, 2013). However, environmental factors, including living conditions, diet, and living habits, were also shown to affect blood lipid levels and cerebral infarction (CI) (Egert et al, 2012;Petkeviciene et al, 2012;Rudkowska et al, 2013).…”

Association between Apolipoprotein E Variants and Obesity-Related Traits in Mexican School Children

“…Some human studies have investigated the possible association of variation in this gene with adiposity and/or obesity [11,19,20]. These studies have been conducted in different populations and have shown discrepancies regarding the possible association of ApoE genetic variation and obesity-related traits.…”

“…Overall, these data suggest that ApoE may play a role in the development of adiposity. Few human studies have addressed the effect of the genetic variation in this gene on adiposity-related traits, with inconsistent results [8,18,19,20,21]. Thus, the aim of the present study was to analyze the association of the common variation in the ApoE gene, obesity-related traits [BMI, WC, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and % body fat] and physical activity in Mexican school children.…”