Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and ADHD Diagnosis and Severity

Brown, Nicole M.; Brown, Suzette N; Briggs, Rahil D.; Germán, Miguelina; Belamarich, Peter F.; Oyeku, Suzette O.

doi:10.1016/j.acap.2016.08.013

Cited by 140 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…18-20 Our study adds to this literature by providing evidence of an independent association between ACEs experienced in middle childhood and ADHD diagnosis, above and beyond exposures in early childhood and ADHD diagnosis at age 5 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…8-16 More recent work has linked ACEs to poor academic and behavioral outcomes in kindergarten and poor school engagement and behavior problems in middle childhood. 17-19 Whereas associations between ACEs and parent-reported ADHD has been reported in past work, 18-20 to our knowledge no studies have examined associations between ACEs occurring at different developmental periods in childhood and ADHD. The answer to this question can elucidate underlying pathways connecting ACEs to ADHD and inform interventions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Adverse Childhood Experiences and ADHD Diagnosis at Age 9 Years in a National Urban Sample

Jiménez

Wade

Schwartz-Soicher

et al. 2017

Academic Pediatrics

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Objective To examine associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at age 9 years using longitudinal data and assess the extent to which ACEs during middle childhood are independently associated with ADHD at age 9 years. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Fragile Families urban birth cohort 5- and 9-year interviews. The sample was limited to children for whom mothers were the primary caregiver and mother-reported information on 8 ACEs and ADHD were available at age 5 and 9 years. We examined associations between ACEs and parent-reported ADHD at age 9 years using logistic regression and controlling for potential confounders. Results We included 1572 children; 48% were African American, 11% had parent-reported ADHD at age 9 years, 41% and 42% experienced ≥1 ACE by age 5 years and between the ages of 5 and 9 years, respectively. ACEs before age 5 years were associated with ADHD at age 9 years. One, 2, and ≥3 ACEs between age 5 and 9 years were associated with ADHD at age 9 years even after controlling for ACEs before age 5 years and ADHD at age 5 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–3; AOR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2–3.8; and AOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1–4.3). Conclusions In this study of urban children, ACEs occurring before age 5 years as well as between the ages of 5 and 9 years were associated with ADHD at age 9 years. Even after controlling for early childhood ACEs and ADHD at age 5 years, the association between ADHD and ACEs in middle childhood remained significant, highlighting the importance of screening and intervention throughout childhood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Adverse Childhood Experiences and ADHD Diagnosis at Age 9 Years in a National Urban Sample

Jiménez

Wade

Schwartz-Soicher

et al. 2017

Academic Pediatrics

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“…Trauma exposure is a problem of epidemic proportions. Numerous studies (Anda et al, 2008;Brown et al, 2017;Dong et al, 2004) have solidified the realization that exposure to trauma early in life affects the developmental and health outcomes of children in a graded, dose-response fashion (Traub & Boynton-Jarrett, 2017). The greater an individual's trauma exposure, the poorer their potential lifetime developmental and health outcomes unless appropriate interventions occur.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma-Informed Care: Essential Elements for Pediatric Health Care

Hornor¹,

Davis²,

Sherfield³

et al. 2019

Journal of Pediatric Health Care

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Childhood psychosocial trauma exposure is highly prevalent and associated with risk for poor physical and mental health outcomes extending throughout life. In a study of nearly 54,000 adult Americans (Gilbert et al., 2015), 60% reported experiencing at least one adverse childhood experience (ACE). According to the National Survey of Child Health, 48% of American children have suffered at least one ACE (Bethell, Newacheck, Hawkes, & Halfon, 2014). The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2017) states that more than 650,000 American children experienced child maltreatment in 2016 and up to 10 million children in the United States witness domestic violence each year (National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 2015).

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“…The presence of childhood trauma adversely affects the course of the accompanied psychiatric condition and its outcomes become more severe (36). In studies conducted on children with ADHD, it has been reported that childhood trauma history is common and traumatic experiences adversely affect prognosis (37,38). There are studies in the literature suggesting that adult Investigation of childhood traumas in inpatient adults with major depression and with or without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder comorbidity ADHD patients are more likely to experience childhood traumatic events (39,40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of childhood traumas in inpatient adults with major depression and with or without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder comorbidity (eng)

Erdoğan¹,

Delibaş²,

Baskin³

2020

J Clin Psy

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Investigation of childhood traumas in inpatient adults with major depression and with or without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder comorbidity Yatarak tedavi gören major depresyon ve dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu eş tanısı olan ve olmayan erişkinlerde çocukluk çağı travmalarının incelenmesi SUMMARY Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood and a significant number of symptoms continue in adulthood. Depression is very common in the daily practice of psychiatrists whereas patients with ADHD comorbidity could not be considered by the clinicians. One of the less studied aspects of adult ADHD is its association with childhood traumas. The aim of this study was to compare adults with major depression (MD) with or without ADHD comorbidity (MD-ADHD) in terms of childhood traumas and the severity of psychopathology. Method: 33 inpatients with MD-ADHD and 30 inpatients with MD were included in the study. The diagnoses were made according to DSM-V criteria, and sociodemographic evaluation scale, Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS), Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Scale (A-ADHDS), Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and Personal Social Performance Scale (PSPS) were applied to the patients. Results: The mean HDS scores of MD-ADHD patients during hospitalization were higher (p=0.007), total CTQ scores were higher (p=0.006), and mean PSPS scores were lower than the MD group (p=0.012). The mean scores of emotional abuse, physical neglect, and physical abuse were higher in MD-ADHD patients (p=0.013; p=0.017; p=0.016; respectively). All trauma scores except emotional neglect and sexual abuse were higher in combined type ADHD than the other two groups. Discussion: Depression patients with comorbid ADHD had more severe depression level and lower functionality compared to those with depression alone. It is important to investigate the history of childhood traumas in adults with depression and ADHD comorbidity.

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Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and ADHD Diagnosis and Severity

Cited by 140 publications

References 33 publications

Adverse Childhood Experiences and ADHD Diagnosis at Age 9 Years in a National Urban Sample

Adverse Childhood Experiences and ADHD Diagnosis at Age 9 Years in a National Urban Sample

Trauma-Informed Care: Essential Elements for Pediatric Health Care

Investigation of childhood traumas in inpatient adults with major depression and with or without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder comorbidity (eng)

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