Associations Between Active School Transport and Physical Activity, Body Composition, and Cardiovascular Fitness: A Systematic Review of 68 Studies

Larouche, Richard; Saunders, Travis J.; Faulkner, Guy; Colley, Rachel C.; Tremblay, Mark S.

doi:10.1123/jpah.2011-0345

Cited by 338 publications

(320 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…The increase in total MVPA for the bicycle train intervention compared with control students was +21.6 minutes/day, which represents more than one third of the recommended daily amount of MVPA. This increase is larger than: (1) the ~7-minute increase in MVPA by a walking school bus program RCT, 6 (2) other previous RCTs on children’s active commuting to school, 23 and (3) general childhood physical activity RCTs in which a systematic review reported increases of ~4 minutes/day of MVPA. 63 As expected, more than 50% of the additional MVPA achieved by the intervention children was due to increases in the before- and after-school periods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Bicycle Trains, Cycling, and Physical Activity: A Pilot Cluster RCT

Mendoza

Haaland²,

Jacobs³

et al. 2017

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Introduction Increasing children’s cycling to school and physical activity are national health goals. The objective was to conduct an RCT of a bicycle train program to assess impact on students’ school travel mode and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Study design Pilot cluster RCT with randomization at the school level and N=54 participants. Setting/participants Fourth–fifth graders from four public schools serving low-income families in Seattle, WA in 2014 with analyses in 2015–2016. All participants were provided and fitted with bicycles, safety equipment (helmets, locks, and lights), and a 2 to 3–hour bicycle safety course. Intervention The intervention was a bicycle train offered daily (i.e., students volunteered to cycle with study staff to and from school). Main outcome measures Time 1 assessments occurred prior to randomization. Time 2 assessments occurred after 3–5 weeks of the intervention (i.e., during Weeks 4–6 of the intervention period). The primary outcome was the percentage of daily commutes to school by cycling measured by validated survey. MVPA, measured by accelerometry and GPS units and processed by machine learning algorithms, was a secondary outcome. Results For two separate adjusted repeated measures linear mixed effects models in which students (N=54) were nested within schools (N=4), intervention participants had: (1) an absolute increase in mean percentage of daily commutes by cycling of 44.9%, (95% CI=26.8, 63.0) and (2) an increase in mean MVPA of 21.6 minutes/day, (95% CI=8.7, 34.6) from Time 1 to Time 2 compared with controls. Conclusions A pilot bicycle train intervention increased cycling to school and daily MVPA in the short term among diverse, inner-city elementary school students. The bicycle train intervention appears promising and warrants further experimental trials among large, diverse samples with longer follow-up. Clinicaltrial.gov identifier number NCT02006186; Date of registration: December 4, 2013.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…16 Cycling is more intense than walking 17,18 and may confer greater health benefits, 19–22 such as positive improvements in cardiovascular fitness. 23 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bicycle Trains, Cycling, and Physical Activity: A Pilot Cluster RCT

Mendoza

Haaland²,

Jacobs³

et al. 2017

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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“…Reviewing SHES responses, schools in the initiation phase did not have organized walk-to-school programs and events, and the majority did not allow bikes or scooters on school property. Given the importance of the school trip as a source of physical activity [22], this finding is encouraging in highlighting the critical role schools may play in encouraging and facilitating active school travel while achieving broader public health goals related to children’s physical activity. Greater support for schools in developing and implementing strategies to promote active transportation are warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The relationship between school physical activity policy and objectively measured physical activity of elementary school students: a multilevel model analysis

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThere is evidence of school level variability in the physical activity of children and youth. Less is known about factors that may contribute to this variation. The purpose of this study was to examine if the school health environment (Healthy Physical Environment, Instruction and Programs, Supportive Social Environment, and Community Partnerships) is associated with objectively measured time spent in light to vigorous physical activity among a sample of Toronto children.MethodsThe sample comprised 856 grade 5 and 6 students from 18 elementary schools in Toronto, Ontario. Multilevel linear regression analyses were used to examine the impact of school physical activity policy on students’ time spent in light-to-vigorous physical activity.ResultsSignificant between-school random variation in objectively measured time spent in light-to-vigorous physical activity was identified [σ2μ0 = 0.067; p < 0.001]; school-level differences accounted for 6.7% of the variability in the time individual students spent in light-to-vigorous physical activity. Of the 22 school-level variables, students attending schools with support for active transportation to/from school and written policies/practices for physical activity, accumulated significantly more minutes of physical activity per school week than students who attended schools that did not.ConclusionsSchool physical activity policy and support for active school travel is associated with objectively measured time spent in light to vigorous physical activity. School physical activity policy might be a critical mechanism through which schools can impact the physical activity levels of their students.

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“…21 Larouche et al analisaram, em seu estudo de revisão, a associação entre transporte ativo e aptidão cardiovascular, e apontaram que mesmo que se tenha encontrado valores maiores de velocidade em quem faz transporte ativo, esses resultados ou não tem significância estatística ou só tem após estratificação de acordo com a distância do percurso. 23 13 Porcentagem similar foi encontrada por Aarts et al (2013) em seu estudo com crianças holandesas, apesar de haver algumas diferenças de acordo com a idade e a distância da casa, até a escola. 18 Embora nesse trabalho, não se tenha avaliado os motivos que levam as crianças a optarem pelo uso de determinado meio de transporte para se deslocar a escola, há evidências de que entre os principais fatores que influenciam nesta escolha estão os aspectos Tabela 1.…”

Section: Justificación Y Objetivosunclassified

Associação entre o deslocamento para a escola e aptidão física relacionada ao desempenho motor em escolares

Pires

Soares

Welser

et al. 2017

Rev Epidemiol Control Infect

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Exceto onde especificado diferentemente, a matéria publicada neste periódico é licenciada sob forma de uma licença Creative Commons -Atribuição 4. //dx.doi.org/10.17058/reci.v7i3.9394 Páginas 01 de 05 não para fins de citação Justificativa e Objetivos: Aptidão física e desempenho motor são importantes preditores de risco cardiovascular em crianças e adolescentes. O presente estudo transversal objetiva verificar se existe associação entre o deslocamento para a escola e aptidão física relacionada ao desempenho motor em escolares. Métodos: A amostra é composta por 751 crianças e adolescentes, sendo 349 do sexo feminino, com idades entre 7 e 17 anos, residentes do município de Santa Cruz do Sul-RS. O deslocamento para a escola foi classificado em duas categorias: (1) ativo e (2) passivo. A avaliação da aptidão física relacionada ao desempenho motor foi realizada por meio dos testes de agilidade, velocidade, força de membros superiores e inferiores. Resultados: A maior parte dos meninos (81,4%) e das meninas (84,1%) se deslocam de forma sedentária para a escola, sendo que as meninas que se deslocam de forma ativa para a escola apresentam melhores níveis de força de membros superiores (p=0,023) e de velocidade (p=0,003). Entre os meninos, não foi observada diferença significativa para os indicadores de aptidão física relacionada ao desempenho motor, de acordo com o tipo de deslocamento para a escola. Conclusão: Constatou-se que meninas que se deslocam de forma ativa para a escola apresentam melhores resultados nos testes de aptidão física relacionada ao desempenho motor. Descritores:Adolescente. Aptidão física. Criança. Destreza motora. Escola. Background and Objectives:Physical fitness and motor performance are important predictors of cardiovascular risk in children and adolescents. The present cross-sectional study aims to assess whether there is an association between school commuting and physical fitness related to motor performance in schoolchildren. Methods: The sample consists of 751 children and adolescents, of which 349 are females, aged between 7 and 17 years old, living in the municipality of Santa Cruz do Sul, RS. Commuting to school was classified into two categories: (1) active and (2) passive. The evaluation of physical fitness related to motor performance was carried out through the tests of agility, velocity, upper and lower limb strength. Results: Most boys (81.4%) and girls (84.1%) passively commute to school, with girls that actively commute to school showing better levels of upper limb strength (p = 0.023) and velocity (p = 0.003). Among the boys, no significant difference was observed for the physical fitness indicators related to motor performance, according to the type of commuting to school. Conclusion:It was observed that girls who actively commute to school have better results in physical fitness tests related to motor performance. Keywords

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Associations Between Active School Transport and Physical Activity, Body Composition, and Cardiovascular Fitness: A Systematic Review of 68 Studies

Abstract: These findings suggest that AST should be promoted to increase PA levels in children and adolescents and that cycling to/ from school is associated with increased cardiovascular fitness. Intervention studies are needed to increase the quality of evidence.

Cited by 338 publications

References 112 publications

Bicycle Trains, Cycling, and Physical Activity: A Pilot Cluster RCT

Bicycle Trains, Cycling, and Physical Activity: A Pilot Cluster RCT

The relationship between school physical activity policy and objectively measured physical activity of elementary school students: a multilevel model analysis

Associação entre o deslocamento para a escola e aptidão física relacionada ao desempenho motor em escolares

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