Associations Among Body Mass Index, Cortical Thickness, and Executive Function in Children

Laurent, Jennifer; Watts, Richard; Adise, Shana; Allgaier, Nicholas; Chaarani, Bader; Garavan, Hugh; Potter, Alexandra; Mackey, Scott

doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.4708

Cited by 109 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…One possibility is that the high blood lactate levels, induced by the exercise, may affect some areas of the cortex and not others. In this way, functions supported by the prefrontal cortex, as processing speed [26], cognitive flexibility [34], and resistance to interference [12] seem to be affected, while those supported by more posterior cortical areas, such as visual attention [22] and task switching [29], are not.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the working memory, a negative effect of exhaustive exercise on both non-spatial working memory and motor working memory was found [9]. Concerning other executive functions, a study that used a combination of a Spatial Delayed-Response task and a Go/No-Go task found no correlation between blood lactate levels and cognitive functions [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The effects of acute physical exercise on the cognitive performances of an adult individual are still under discussion [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The existing literature tends to highlight a positive relationship if the exercise is of sub-maximal intensity, while the effects seem to be negative for exhaustive exercises [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of a Bout of Intense Exercise on Some Executive Functions

Coco

Buscemi²,

Guerrera

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The present study examined the effects of an exhaustive exercise on executive functions by using the Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT), Trail Making Test (TMT), A and B, and simple Reaction Time (RT). Thirty adults agreed to participate; 15 participants had a mean age of 24.7 years ± 3.2 Standard Deviation (SD, Standard Deviation) (group YOUNG), while the remaining 15 had a mean age of 58.9 years ± 2.6 SD (group OLD). Each subject performed the cognitive tasks at rest and blood lactate was measured (pre); each subject executed the acute exhaustive exercise and, immediately after the conclusion, executed the cognitive tasks and blood lactate was again measured (end). Cognitive tests were repeated and blood lactate measured 15 min after its conclusion of the exhaustive exercise (post). We observed: (1) a significant positive correlation between blood lactate levels and RT levels; (2) a significant negative relationship between levels of blood lactate and the SCWT mean score; (3) no significant correlation between blood lactate levels and TMT scores (time and errors), both A and B; (4) variations in blood lactate levels, due to exhaustive exercise, and parallel deterioration in the execution of RT and SCWT are significantly more pronounced in the group YOUNG than in the group OLD. The present study supports the possibility that high levels of blood lactate induced by an exhaustive exercise could adversely affect the executive functions pertaining to the prefrontal cortex.

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Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of a Bout of Intense Exercise on Some Executive Functions

Coco

Buscemi²,

Guerrera

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Recent literature has shown increasing interest in the impact of such disease on the nervous system and in particular, in the field of neuropsychiatric and behavioral disorders (mainly attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorders and autism), described only sporadically in the past but now confirmed by large population studies (107,108). Besides, a reduction in prefrontal cortex thickness and associated executive function deficit was described in a large cohort of obese children aged 9-10 years (109).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Breast Milk Metabolome in Overweight and Obese Mothers

et al. 2020

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Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is a major relevance factor, since maternal overweight and obesity can impair the pregnancy outcome and represent risk factors for several neonatal, childhood, and adult conditions, including excessive weight gain, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and even behavioral disorders. Currently, breast milk (BM) composition in such category of mothers was not completely defined. In this field, metabolomics represents the ideal technology, able to detect the whole profile of low molecular weight molecules in BM. Limited information is available on human BM metabolites differences in overweight or obese compared to lean mothers. Analyzing all the metabolomics studies published on Medline in English language, this review evaluated the effects that 8 specific types of metabolites found altered by maternal overweight and obesity (nucleotide derivatives, 5-methylthioadenosine, sugar-alcohols, acylcarnitine and amino acids, polyamines, mono-and oligosaccharides, lipids) can exert on the risk of offspring obesity development and other potentially associated health outcomes and complications. However, metabolites variations in samples collected from overweight and obese mothers and the potentially correlated effects highlighted below still need further investigations and should be confirmed in future metabolomics studies on larger samples. Finally, the positive or negative influence of maternal overweight and obesity on the offspring, potentially exerted by breastfeeding, should be analyzed in close correlation with maternal age, genetic and environmental factors, including diet, and taking into account the interactions occurring between BM metabolites and lactobiome. The evaluation of all the factors affecting BM metabolites in overweight and obese mothers can lead to the comprehensive description of such biofluid and the related effects on breastfed subjects, potentially highlighting personalized needs of BM supplementation or short-and long-term prevention strategies to optimize offspring health.

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“…Neuroimaging studies also point to structural deficits and damage to memory associated areas being associated with overweight and obesity. For instance, numerous studies have shown reduced grey matter volume in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in individuals with overweight and obesity(García-García et al, 2019;Herrmann, Tesar, Beier, Berg, & Warrings, 2019;Masouleh et al, 2016;Laurent et al, 2020;Medic et al, 2016;Raji et al, 2010;Willette & Kapogiannis, 2015). It is, of course,…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating Behavior as a New Frontier in Memory Research

Seitz¹,

Tomiyama²,

Blaisdell³

2020

Preprint

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The study of memory is commonly associated with neuroscience, aging, education, and eyewitness testimony. Here we discuss how eating behavior is also heavily intertwined—and yet considerably understudied in its relation to memory processes. Both are influenced by similar neuroendocrine signals (e.g., leptin and ghrelin) and are dependent on hippocampal functions. While learning processes have long been implicated in influencing eating behavior, recent research has shed light on how memory of recent eating modulates future food consumption. In humans, overweight and obesity is associated with impaired memory performance, and studies in rodents (and to a lesser extent humans) show that dietary-induced obesity causes rapid decrements to memory. Lesions to the hippocampus not only disrupt memory, but also induce obesity, highlighting a cyclic relationship between obesity and memory impairment. Enhancing memory of eating has been shown to reduce future eating and yet, very little is known about what influences memory of eating or how memory of eating differs from memory for other behaviors. We discuss recent advancements in these areas and highlight fruitful research pursuits afforded by combining the study of memory with the study of eating behavior.

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Associations Among Body Mass Index, Cortical Thickness, and Executive Function in Children

Cited by 109 publications

References 69 publications

Effects of a Bout of Intense Exercise on Some Executive Functions

Effects of a Bout of Intense Exercise on Some Executive Functions

The Human Breast Milk Metabolome in Overweight and Obese Mothers

Eating Behavior as a New Frontier in Memory Research

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