Effects of a Bout of Intense Exercise on Some Executive Functions

Coco, Marinella; Buscemi, Andrea; Guerrera, Claudia Savia; Corrado, Donatella Di; Cavallari, Paolo; Zappalà, Agata; Nuovo, Santo Di; Parenti, Rosalba; Maci, Tiziana; Razza, Grazia; Petralia, Maria Cristina; Perciavalle, Vincenzo; Perciavalle, Valentina

doi:10.3390/ijerph17030898

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Thus, our ndings buttress the idea that peripherally muscle expressed lactate, which is able to cross the blood brain barrier via monocarboxylate transporters, is utilized as "fuel" for cognitive processes [30,40,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. However, such a nding is not universal since negative associations between peripheral blood lactate levels and attentional performance [58], and executive functions [59] have been reported, too. The divergent ndings between our study and the study of Coco and colleagues [58] could be, at least, partly explained by difference in study methodology (e.g., exercise regime [SIT protocol vs. maximal multistage discontinuous incremental cycling test, used cognitive test [d2 test vs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

The Influence of Acute Sprint Interval Training on Cognitive Performance of Healthy Younger Adults

Herold¹,

Behrendt²,

Meissner³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Considerable evidence has been accumulated showing that an acute bout of physical exercise can improve cognitive performance but the optimal exercise characteristics (e.g., exercise type and intensity) remain elusive. In this regard, there is a gap in the literature to which extent Sprint Interval Training (SIT) can enhance cognitive performance. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of SIT on cognitive performance. We assessed in healthy younger adults (n = 19; 20.0 to 28.0 years old), the attentional performance (via d2 test), the working memory performance (via Digit Span Forward/ Backward) and the peripheral blood lactate concentration immediately before and 10 minutes after an exercise condition (SIT) and a control condition (i.e., reading). We observed that SIT can enhance specific aspects of attentional performance as it improved F% (t (19) = -2.249, p = 0.037, d = − 0.516) which constitutes a qualitative measure of precision and thoroughness. However, SIT did not change other measures of attentional or working memory performance. In addition, we observed that the exercise-induced increase in peripheral blood lactate levels correlated with changes in attentional performance (e.g., F% (rm = -0.54, p = 0.015)). The present study provides initial evidence that a time-efficient SIT can improve specific aspects of attentional performance and conforming evidence for a positive link between cognitive improvements and changes in peripheral blood lactate levels. Further research is warranted to substantiate our findings by investigating (i) the optimal exercise characteristics (e.g., number of sprints), (ii) further neurobiological mechanisms driving the cognitive improvements (e.g., changes in functional brain activation patterns), and (iii) the generalizability of the effects (e.g., older adults).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

The Influence of Acute Sprint Interval Training on Cognitive Performance of Healthy Younger Adults

Herold¹,

Behrendt²,

Meissner³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, Perciavalle et al ( 2014 , 2016 ) have found that attentive capabilities and performance after an exhaustive exercise worsened, most likely due to increased blood lactate levels. Coco et al (2020) also found increased reaction time and blood lactate after intense exercise, which were strongly correlated. On the other hand, Mroczek et al (2011) found an initial decrease in reaction time despite increased blood lactate during and after volleyball sets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…However, recent evidence on mammalian muscle has shown that reduced pH may have little influence on muscle contraction, and it is most likely the inorganic phosphate which is the major cause of muscular fatigue (Posterino et al, 2001; Westerblad, 2002 , 2016 ). In the same way, there are currently contradictory opinions ( Coco et al, 2009 , 2016 , 2020 ; Duncan et al, 2017 ; Mroczek et al, 2011 ; Tanaka et al, 2018 ; Tsukamoto et al, 2016 ) on how high blood lactate levels (induced either by exhaustive exercise or by an intravenous infusion of a lactate solution) may affect various psychomotor processes, especially simple reaction time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of High Mineral Alkaline Water Consumed over Three Consecutive Days on Reaction Time Following Anaerobic Exercise – A Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Crossover Pilot Study

Šteffl

Kinkorová

Talar

et al. 2021

Journal of Human Kinetics

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Drinking alkaline water after intense anaerobic exercise may enhance both cognitive and physical performance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high mineral alkaline water consumed over three consecutive days on reaction time after anaerobic exercise in twelve healthy young males (aged 21.1 ± 1.3 years) with a valid sports medical examination. Participants were excluded when they took any medications or performance-enhancing supplements for the period of at least four weeks before the study commenced. Participants were randomly divided into two groups in this double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover pilot study. They ingested either alkaline water (AW) or regular table water ( RTW) for three consecutive days before anaerobic exercise. The anaerobic exercise consisted of two 2-min high-intensity step-tests with a passive rest interval of 3 minutes between the two bouts of exercise. Performance in the step-test (W), reaction time for visual and auditory signals, the rate of perceived exertion (RPE), urine specific gravity, and lactate concentration were analysed. No effect of AW was found on reaction time and the other variables except anaerobic performance. An-aerobic performance was significantly higher after ingestion of AW in both step-tests (p < 0.05). The ingestion of AW for three consecutive days before anaerobic exercise seems to positively affect anaerobic performance.

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“…This cognitive domain includes aspects of attention such as intensity (sustained attention and alertness) and selectivity (divided, focused, and broad attention). In particular, the ability to analyze a large amount of information is a characteristic of broad attention, while selective attention permits one to discriminate between stimuli and to select some of them even in the presence of distracting stimuli [18].…”

Section: Studies On Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of Blood Lactate Levels on Cognitive Domains and Physical Health during a Sports Stress. Brief Review

Coco

Buscemi²,

Ramaci

et al. 2020

IJERPH

Self Cite

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The present review aims to examine the effects of high blood lactate levels in healthy adult humans, for instance, after a period of exhaustive exercise, on the functioning of the cerebral cortex. In some of the examined studies, high blood lactate levels were obtained not only through exhaustive exercise but also with an intravenous infusion of lactate while the subject was immobile. This allowed us to exclude the possibility that the observed post-exercise effects were nonspecific (e.g., cortical changes in temperature, acidity, etc.). We observed that, in both experimental conditions, high levels of blood lactate are associated with a worsening of important cognitive domains such as attention or working memory or stress, without gender differences. Moreover, in both experimental conditions, high levels of blood lactate are associated with an improvement of the primary motor area (M1) excitability. Outside the frontal lobe, the use of visual evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials allowed us to observe, in the occipital and parietal lobe respectively, that high levels of blood lactate are associated with an amplitude’s increase and a latency’s reduction of the early components of the evoked responses. In conclusion, significant increases of blood lactate levels could exercise a double-action in the central nervous system (CNS), with a protecting role on primary cortical areas (such as M1, primary visual area, or primary somatosensory cortex), while reducing the efficiency of adjacent regions, such as the supplementary motor area (SMA) or prefrontal cortex. These observations are compatible with the possibility that lactate works in the brain not only as an energy substrate or an angiogenetic factor but also as a true neuromodulator, which can protect from stress. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms and effects of lactic acid products produced during an anaerobic exercise lactate, focusing on their action at the level of the central nervous system with particular attention to the primary motor, the somatosensory evoked potentials, and the occipital and parietal lobe.

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Effects of a Bout of Intense Exercise on Some Executive Functions

Cited by 21 publications

References 40 publications

The Influence of Acute Sprint Interval Training on Cognitive Performance of Healthy Younger Adults

The Influence of Acute Sprint Interval Training on Cognitive Performance of Healthy Younger Adults

The Effects of High Mineral Alkaline Water Consumed over Three Consecutive Days on Reaction Time Following Anaerobic Exercise – A Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Crossover Pilot Study

Influences of Blood Lactate Levels on Cognitive Domains and Physical Health during a Sports Stress. Brief Review

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