Background: The toll-like receptor (TLR) genes were shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of RA. We aimed to investigate the genetic associations between the TLR-1, -2, -4, and -6 genes polymorphisms and RA susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. Methods : Six polymorphisms (TLR-1 (rs5743610, rs5743618), -2 (rs5743708), -4 (rs4986790, rs4986791), and -6 (rs5743810)) in TLRs genes were genotyped in 360 patients with RA and 560 matched healthy controls by using direct sequencing method. The ORs and 95% CIs were evaluated using a standard logistic regression analysis. Results : No significant association between the allelic, dominant and recessive models of TLR-1 rs5743618, TLR-2 rs5743708, TLR-4 rs4986790 and rs4986791, and TLR-6 rs5743810 polymorphisms and RA risk was observed (p>0.05). However, significant associations were detected between the allelic, dominant and recessive models of TLR-1 rs5743618 and RA risk (allelic: OR[95%CI]= 2.21 [1.73, 2.81], p<0.0001; dominant: OR[95%CI]= 2.33 [1.75, 3.09], p<0.0001; recessive models: OR[95%CI]= 3.70 [1.85, 7.41], p=0.0002), In addition, the TLR6 rs5743810 was found to be associated with the RF - and anti-CCP - antibody in RA group (RF: OR[95%CI]= 2.29 [1.42, 3.69], p=0.0007; anti-CCP: OR[95%CI]= 2.33 [1.39, 3.89], p=0.001). Conclusions : The allelic, dominant, and recessive models of TLR1 rs5743618 might be associated with RA susceptibility. And the TLR6 rs5743810 might be associated with RF and anti-CCP antibody in RA in Chinese Han population.