Association of the dietary patterns with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among Iranian population: a case-control study

Dehghanseresht, Narges; Jafarirad, Sima; Alavine­jad, Pezhman; Mansoori, Anahita

doi:10.1186/s12937-020-00580-6

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Our findings are consistent with those of previous studies that reported a beneficial effect of the prudent dietary pattern on NAFLD risk 26 27. The prudent pattern, similar to the dietary guidelines for Americans, was characterised by high consumption of green and yellow vegetables, light-coloured vegetables, kimchi, mushrooms, potatoes, beans, tofu, soymilk and fish.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Dietary patterns and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean adults: a prospective cohort study

Shin

2023

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesDietary patterns can holistically provide insights into the association of food groups and nutrients with the disease. Several studies have evaluated the association of dietary patterns with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Western populations. However, few studies focused on this topic were conducted on Korean adults. Therefore, in this cohort study, we aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and the risk of NAFLD among middle-aged Koreans.DesignThe survey was performed at general hospitals and health examination centres in Korea. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. The dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. The HR and 95% CI for NAFLD for each of the quartiles of the three dietary patterns were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model.SettingSouth Korean Community.Participants44 460 healthy Koreans (aged 40–69 years) who completed a follow-up survey from 2012 to 2016 in the Health Examinees study were included.ResultsMen and women following a prudent pattern showed a 22% and 36% lower NAFLD risk, respectively (men: HR=0.78; women: HR=0.64). Men and women who highly adhered to the flour-based food and meat pattern had a 29% and 55% higher NAFLD risk, respectively (men: HR=1.29; women: HR=1.55).ConclusionThe prudent pattern induced a lower NAFLD risk, whereas the flour-based food and meat pattern induced a higher NAFLD risk. No significant difference was found between the white rice pattern and NAFLD risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Dietary patterns and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean adults: a prospective cohort study

Shin

2023

BMJ Open

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“…In nine out of ten collected studies–in two prospective studies[ 52 , 53 ], four case-control studies[ 33 , 54 - 56 ], and three cross-sectional studies[ 57 - 59 ], a healthy dietary pattern was associated with a decreased risk of NAFLD independent of several confounders added to the models. Moreover, in a study by Chung et al [ 60 ] “simple meal pattern” characterized by a high intake of root and yellow vegetables, fruits, dairy products, eggs and nuts also exhibited an inverse correlation with NAFLD.…”

Section: Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Risk Of Nafldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, some studies report significant associations of this diet with the risk of NAFLD[ 58 , 60 ]. In the literature, the following dietary patterns familiar to the western patterns are also present: Fast food[ 54 , 55 ]; animal food/high protein[ 53 , 54 ]; red meat and alcohol[ 62 ]; high-salt[ 57 ]; high-fat dairy and refined grains[ 62 ]; high-carbohydrate/sweet/sugar/high fruits[ 53 , 64 , 65 ]; as well as, snacks and energy-dense dietary pattern[ 58 , 59 , 62 ]. The majority of these dietary patterns increased the risk of NAFLD.…”

Section: Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Risk Of Nafldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in a Korean study[ 60 ] the traditional diet was characterized by high intake of vegetables, fermented vegetables, such as kimchi, fish and seafood, mushrooms and fermented, processed and natural soybeans and was associated with a higher risk of NAFLD independent of several confounders added to this model. A traditional Iranian dietary pattern characterized by intake of red and organ meats, dairy products, condiments, salt, tea and coffee and low fruits consumption was related to an increased risk of NAFLD[ 54 ]. However, in another Iranian study[ 34 ], a traditional diet, represented by a high intake of red meat organ meats, skinless poultry, eggs, yogurt drink, tea, legumes, tomato sauce, sugars sweets-desserts, potato, condiments, salt, pickles and broth, was not associated with risk of NAFLD.…”

Section: Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Risk Of Nafldmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crosstalk between dietary patterns, obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Ristić‐Medić¹,

Bajerska²,

Vučić³

2022

WJG

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The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising worldwide, paralleling the epidemic of obesity. The liver is a key organ for the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Various types of fats and carbohydrates in isocaloric diets differently influence fat accumulation in the liver parenchyma. Therefore, nutrition can manage hepatic and cardiometabolic complications of NAFLD. Even moderately reduced caloric intake, which leads to a weight loss of 5%-10% of initial body weight, is effective in improving liver steatosis and surrogate markers of liver disease status. Among dietary patterns, the Mediterranean diet mostly prevents the onset of NAFLD. Furthermore, this diet is also the most recommended for the treatment of NAFLD patients. However, clinical trials based on the dietary interventions in NAFLD patients are sparse. Since there are only a few studies examining dietary interventions in clinically advanced stages of NAFLD, such as active and fibrotic steatohepatitis, the optimal diet for patients in these stages of the disease must still be determined. In this narrative review, we aimed to critically summarize the associations between different dietary patterns, obesity and prevention/risk for NAFLD, to describe specific dietary interventions’ impacts on liver steatosis in adults with NAFLD and to provide an updated overview of dietary recommendations that clinicians potentially need to apply in their daily practice.

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“…Food items included in the FFQ were grouped into 27 different categories according to similarities in nutrient contents and available data ( 19 , 25 – 27 ) for factor analysis in our study. Some food items were considered separately because their nutrient content was unique (e.g., eggs, condiments, salt, tea, coffee).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirically-Derived Dietary Patterns in Relation to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases Among Adult Participants in Amol, Northern Iran: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

et al. 2022

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Dietary modifications remain the mainstay in managing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Published data on the effect of overall dietary patterns on NAFLD is scarce. The present study aims to extract the dietary patterns and investigate their association to NAFLD by gender, using structural equation modeling, among adult participants in Amol, northern Iran. In this cross-sectional study, data from 3,149 participants in the Amol cohort study (55.3% men, n = 1,741) were analyzed. Usual dietary intake was assessed by a validated 168-items semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. We classified major dietary patterns by explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). NAFLD diagnosis was based on ultrasound scanning, including increased hepatic echogenicity, abnormal appearance of hepatic arteries, and diaphragm in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption. Multivariable logistic regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to explore the relationship between dietary patterns and NAFLD. Three distinct dietary patterns, including western, healthy, and traditional/mixed dietary patterns, were identified. Adult male who adhere to the western dietary pattern were more affected with NAFLD risk [Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, odds ratio (OR) = 1, 1.16, 1.34, 1.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.83–1.61, 0.96–1.85, 0.98–1.96, ptrend = 0.04, respectively]. A full mediating effect of healthy dietary pattern, western dietary pattern, and traditional dietary pattern via dietary acid load (DAL) proxy (of dietary patterns to DAL: βstd = −0.35, p < 0.006, βstd = 0.15, p = 0.009, and βstd = 0.08, p = 0.001, respectively), on NAFLD was found through mediation analysis using SEM. A western dietary pattern comprising frequent intake of salty and sweet snacks, soft drinks, refined grains, processed meats, cooked and fried potatoes, eggs, and coffee was associated with a higher odds of NAFLD in an Iranian male population. Additionally, our findings might provide a mechanistic explanation for the association between dietary patterns and NAFLD via DAL proxy. However, further prospective studies, including assessing acid-base biomarkers, are needed.

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Association of the dietary patterns with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among Iranian population: a case-control study

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

Dietary patterns and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean adults: a prospective cohort study

Dietary patterns and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean adults: a prospective cohort study

Crosstalk between dietary patterns, obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Empirically-Derived Dietary Patterns in Relation to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases Among Adult Participants in Amol, Northern Iran: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

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