Association of Socioeconomic Status With Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society Membership Among Medical Students

Nguyen, Mytien; Mason, Hyacinth R. C.; O’Connor, Patrick G.; Nuñez-Smith, Marcella; McDade, William A.; Latimore, Darin; Boatright, Dowin

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.10730

Cited by 27 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Another potential obstacle is an overemphasis on the USMLE for applicant recruitment, 77 as well as biases in selections for Alpha Omega Alpha honor societies, 78,79 Medical Student Performance Evaluation letters, 80 and clinical grades. 81 A limited online survey of URM students conducted after a virtual ophthalmology seminar identified "perception of inadequate performance on Step 1" as the primary barrier to ophthalmology entry.…”

Section: Increasing Workforce Diversity: Future Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Diversity in the Ophthalmology Workforce

Woreta¹,

Gordon²,

Knight³

et al. 2022

Ophthalmology

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Section: Increasing Workforce Diversity: Future Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Diversity in the Ophthalmology Workforce

Woreta¹,

Gordon²,

Knight³

et al. 2022

Ophthalmology

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“…Although Asian physicians are not underrepresented, Asian medical students are less likely to be selected for prestigious honor societies, and as they progress in their careers, Asian faculty members are less likely to hold departmental leadership positions. [3][4][5][6][7] While prior efforts to increase diversity have focused on recruitment, [8][9][10][11] there remains a need to identify structural barriers within the learning environment that hinder workforce diversity. One aspect of this challenge is evaluating whether there is racial bias in graduate medical education (GME) assessments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Internal Medicine Residency Assessments

et al. 2022

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ImportancePrevious studies have demonstrated racial and ethnic inequities in medical student assessments, awards, and faculty promotions at academic medical centers. Few data exist about similar racial and ethnic disparities at the level of graduate medical education.ObjectiveTo examine the association between race and ethnicity and performance assessments among a national cohort of internal medicine residents.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study evaluated assessments of performance for 9026 internal medicine residents from the graduating classes of 2016 and 2017 at Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)–accredited internal medicine residency programs in the US. Analyses were conducted between July 1, 2020, and June 31, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was midyear and year-end total ACGME Milestone scores for underrepresented in medicine (URiM [Hispanic only; non-Hispanic American Indian, Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander only; or non-Hispanic Black/African American]) and Asian residents compared with White residents as determined by their Clinical Competency Committees and residency program directors. Differences in scores between Asian and URiM residents compared with White residents were also compared for each of the 6 competency domains as supportive outcomes.ResultsThe study cohort included 9026 residents from 305 internal medicine residency programs. Of these residents, 3994 (44.2%) were female, 3258 (36.1%) were Asian, 1216 (13.5%) were URiM, and 4552 (50.4%) were White. In the fully adjusted model, no difference was found in the initial midyear total Milestone scores between URiM and White residents, but there was a difference between Asian and White residents, which favored White residents (mean [SD] difference in scores for Asian residents: −1.27 [0.38]; P &lt; .001). In the second year of training, White residents received increasingly higher scores relative to URiM and Asian residents. These racial disparities peaked in postgraduate year (PGY) 2 (mean [SD] difference in scores for URiM residents, −2.54 [0.38]; P &lt; .001; mean [SD] difference in scores for Asian residents, −1.9 [0.27]; P &lt; .001). By the final year 3 assessment, the gap between White and Asian and URiM residents’ scores narrowed, and no racial or ethnic differences were found. Trends in racial and ethnic differences among the 6 competency domains mirrored total Milestone scores, with differences peaking in PGY2 and then decreasing in PGY3 such that parity in assessment was reached in all competency domains by the end of training.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, URiM and Asian internal medicine residents received lower ratings on performance assessments than their White peers during the first and second years of training, which may reflect racial bias in assessment. This disparity in assessment may limit opportunities for physicians from minoritized racial and ethnic groups and hinder physician workforce diversity.

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“…For intersectional analyses, we dichotomized both race and ethnicity and childhood family income. Because of research noting Asian students and students from races and ethnicities underrepresented in medicine are less likely to be AOA members, 18,19 we dichotomized race and ethnicity as non-Hispanic White vs non-White. We dichotomized childhood family income as low income vs non-low income.…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Marginalized Identities With Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society and Gold Humanism Honor Society Membership Among Medical Students

et al. 2022

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IMPORTANCE Disparities in medical student membership in Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA) are well documented. Less is known about Gold Humanism Honor Society (GHHS) membership and it remains unknown how the intersection of different identities is associated with membership in these honor societies. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between honor society membership and medical student race and ethnicity, sex, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersection of identities. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis cross-sectional study analyzed data from Association of American Medical Colleges data collection instruments. The study included all students who graduated from Liaison Committee on Medical Education-accredited US medical schools from 2016 to 2019 and completed the Graduation Questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted from January 12 to July 12, 2022. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Likelihood of AOA and GHHS membership by student race and ethnicity, sex, sexual orientation, childhood family income, and intersection of identities. RESULTS The sample of 50 384 individuals comprised 82 (0.2%) American Indian or Alaska Native, 10 601 (21.0%) Asian, 2464 (4.9%) Black, 3291 (6.5%) Hispanic, 25 (0.1%) Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, 30 610 (60.8%) White, 2476 (4.9%) multiracial students, and 834 (1.7%) students of other races or ethnicities. Sex and sexual orientation included 25 672 (51.0%) men and 3078 (6.1%) lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB). Childhood family income comprised 31 758 (60.

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Association of Socioeconomic Status With Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society Membership Among Medical Students

Cited by 27 publications

References 4 publications

Enhancing Diversity in the Ophthalmology Workforce

Enhancing Diversity in the Ophthalmology Workforce

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Internal Medicine Residency Assessments

Association of Marginalized Identities With Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society and Gold Humanism Honor Society Membership Among Medical Students

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