Association Of Risk Factors In Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Pregnant Mothers Attending At A Tertiary Care Hospital In Bangladesh

Abstract

Objective: To observe association of risk factors with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh. Materials and methods: Risk factors of GDM were evaluated in pregnant subjects (n=385; age: 26.4±4.9 yrs; body mass index, BMI: 25.3±4.3 kg/m 2 ; mean ± SD) screened by 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) following WHO 1999 criterion irrespective of gestational age in the Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). BMI, maternal age, parity, trimester and family history of diabetes were considered as risk factors. Plasma glucose was measured by glucose-oxidase method on the same day. Results: GDM and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) showed significant difference for age (28.2±4.9 vs. 25.3±4.6 yrs, p<0.001), BMI (26.7±4.4 vs. 24.4±3.9 kg/m 2 , p˂0.001), family history of DM (55.5% vs. 43.0%, p=0.017) and number of gravida (p=0.048). There was no significant difference of frequencies of GDM among various trimesters (39.4% vs. 42.5% vs. 38.2%; χ2=0.653, p=0.721). OGTT performed before 24 weeks revealed GDM in about 44% (88/202). Multiple regression revealed age (p<0.001), BMI (p=0.007) and family history of DM (p=0.048) as independent predictors for GDM. Conclusion: It is concluded that age of mother, increased BMI, family history of diabetes as well as multigravidae are important predictors for GDM.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Bangladesh: Findings from Demographic Health Survey 2017–2018

“…Our study indicates that one third of pregnant women have GDM, a rate that is 3–4 times higher than most of the previous studies in Bangladesh. The prevalence of GDM in previous studies ranged between 7% and 14%, except the study that was conducted with women visiting antenatal clinics in an urban tertiary hospital, which reported a prevalence of 40.3% as per the WHO (1999) criteria [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 23 ]. The prevalence reported in this study is also three times higher than the pooled overall prevalence of GDM reported in South Asian countries (Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka) (11.4%) [ 8 ].…”

“…Few studies have reported the prevalence of GDM in Bangladesh, and most relied on the WHO (1999) criteria. The reported prevalence of GDM in these studies, largely from clinic or hospital settings, ranged between 6.8% and 40.3% [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. The most recent estimate of GDM prevalence in Bangladesh is almost a decade old, and the prevalence was 9.7%, according to the WHO (1999) criteria.…”

“…Moreover, none of these studies used the most recent WHO (2013) criteria. Factors associated with GDM reported in Bangladesh studies were advanced age, high body mass index (BMI), family history of diabetes mellitus (DM), high parities, high household income, hypertension, total year of schooling, and history of ANC [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. However, none of these studies adjusted for covariates [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 13 ] or provided sufficient information about adjusted models as they reported risk factors of GDM [ 12 ].…”

CDKAL1 gene rs7756992 A/G and rs7754840 G/C polymorphisms are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in a sample of Bangladeshi population: implication for future T2DM prophylaxis

“…Author details 1 Molecular Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology (NIB), Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh. 2 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.…”

“…This complication (GDM) is rising rapidly in the prevalence of 36.6% of total pregnancies in Bangladesh [2,3]. This prevalence varies from 0.7 to 51% in Asia [4][5][6][7].…”